Measurement of Whole Blood Coagulation Time by Laser Speckle Pattern Correlation
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Measurement of Whole Blood Coagulation Time by Laser Speckle Pattern Correlation Yu. D. Liushnevskaya1*, F. A. Gubarev1, L. Li2, A. V. Nosarev3, and V. S. Gusakova3
We present here the results obtained by correlation analysis of digital speckle patterns to assess coagulation time in citrated whole blood. The spread of coagulation time values in experiments was no more than 25% for an essentially healthy cohort of laboratory animals. Studies of normal and pathological plasma showed that the method is able to detect pathological hemostasis. The ability to create a new universal optical coagulometer ana lyzing citrated and native blood, as well as whole blood, is discussed. Estimation of citrated blood clotting time is an intermediate stage in developing a test for native blood.
Introduction The mechanism of blood clotting plays a key role in protecting the body from accidental damage [1]. Diseases of the hemostatic system carry a significant risk to normal human life. Rapid and accurate determination of the mechanisms of blood clotting remains an ongoing task. The most effective method for evaluating the state of hemostasis is that of measuring blood coagulation time. Assessment of the operation of the coagulation mechanism is a routine process in clinical practice. Coagulation factors regulating the clotting mechanism are present in plasma [2, 3]. Conventional laboratory investigation methods use plasma prepared by centrifu gation of citrated whole blood, in which clotting factors are blocked, with subsequent activation of fibrin forma tion using standard reagents [3]. Widely used coagu lometers are not therefore able to provide rapid assess ments of blood clotting and require large quantities of blood to obtain plasma. In addition, parts of the coagu lometer are in contact with samples and might influence the formation of fibrin clots. There is therefore a need for a method and means for measuring clotting time
1
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia; Email: [email protected] 2 Liaoning Technical University, China. 3 Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia. * To whom correspondence should be addressed.
using whole blood, including those not contacting the sample. One contemporary device for analyzing whole blood clotting time is the thromboelastograph [4, 5]. Report [5] presents whole blood analysis results using an ARP01M Mednord thromboelastograph. The thromboelastograph provides information on the phases of blood clotting in an integral evaluation of the status of the components of the hemostasis system and total fibrinolytic activity. The vol ume of analysate required with this device is 500 μL and the probe makes contact with the study material. The laser speckle pattern correlation method is an optical method providing for assessment of the dynamics of processes such as displacement [6, 7], structural alter ation and speed [8], and mechanical tension [9] by analy sis of laser speckles. In biomedicine, speckle
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