Measuring Human Trafficking Complexities and Pitfalls
In its blatant forms of sexual exploitation of women and children and the international slave labor market, human trafficking is a human rights crisis worldwide. Despite the efforts of governments, global law enforcement, and the UN, the phenomenon contin
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Ernesto U. Savona and Sonia Stefanizzi (Eds.)
Measuring Human Trafficking Complexities And Pitfalls
Ernesto U. Savona Professor of Criminology Catholic University of Milan Director of Transcrime (Joint Research Centre on Transnational Crime) ISPAC Scientific Co-ordinator Italy [email protected]
Sonia Stefanizzi Professor of Methodology of Social Research Faculty of Sociology University of Milan-Bicocca Officer-in-charge of CNPDS/ISPAC research activities Italy [email protected]
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006940181 ISBN-10: 0-387-68042-X ISBN-13: 978-0-387-68042-2
e-ISBN-10: 0-387-68044-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-0-387-68044-6
Printed on acid-free paper. © 2007 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Acknowledgement
The chapters collected in this book are revised versions of selected papers presented at the ISPAC international Conference on “Measuring Human Trafficking: Complexities and Pitfalls” held in Courmayeur Mont Blanc, Italy, in December 2005. ISPAC hereby wishes to thank the Courmayeur Foundation for its generous support.
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Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ernesto U. Savona and Sonia Stefanizzi
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2. Human Trafficking: A Crime Against Humanity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fausto Pocar
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Defining the Phenomenon 3. Trafficking in Human Beings: Uniform Definitions for Better Measuring and for Effective Counter-Measures . . . . . . 13 Kauko Aromaa 4. Collecting Data on Human Trafficking: Availability, Reliability and Comparability of Trafficking Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Kristiina Kangaspunta 5. Enhancing Data Collection and Research on Trafficking in Persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Frank Laczko Analysing the Complexities 6. Measuring the Non-Measurable: Towards the Development of Indicators for Measuring Human Trafficking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Sonia Stefanizzi 7. A Criminal Network Approach to Understanding & Measuring Trafficking in Human Beings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Jay Albanese
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Quantitative and Qualitative approaches 8. Review of Official Statistics on Trafficking in Human Beings
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