Mechanical and tribological properties of graphene nanoplatelets-reinforced titanium composites fabricated by powder met
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Mechanical and tribological properties of graphene nanoplatelets‑reinforced titanium composites fabricated by powder metallurgy Zhen Cao1,2,3 · Jiong‑li Li1,2,3 · Hai‑ping Zhang1,2,3 · Wen‑bo Li1,2,3 · Xu‑dong Wang1,2,3 Received: 5 September 2019 / Revised: 17 December 2019 / Accepted: 27 December 2019 © China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group 2020
Abstract Titanium matrix composite reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was fabricated via powder metallurgy route. Hot isostatic pressing and hot extrusion were used to consolidate the mixed powder of GNPs and TC4 titanium (Ti) alloy. The microstructures, mechanical properties and sliding wear performance of Ti/GNPs composite had been researched to evaluate the reinforcing effect of GNPs on titanium matrix. Microstructure observation indicates that GNPs could restrain grain growth slightly in titanium matrix. Titanium matrix and graphene exhibit a clean and firm interface formed by means of metallurgical bonding on atomic scale. Compared with the monolithic titanium alloy, the composite with 1.2 vol.% GNPs exhibits significantly improved elastic modulus and strength. The sliding wear test shows that there is an obvious enhancement in the tribological performance of Ti/GNPs composite with 1.2 vol.% GNPs. The results of this work indicate that GNP is an efficient reinforcement material in titanium matrix. The strengthening mechanism including precipitates strengthening, load transfer and grain refinement mechanism of GNPs in titanium matrix was discussed. A modified shear-lag model was used to analyze the reinforcement contribution of the stress transfer mechanism. The calculation shows that the stress load mechanism constitutes the main strengthening mechanism in Ti/GNPs composite. Keywords Titanium matrix composite · Graphene · Mechanical testing · Tribological property · Powder metallurgy
1 Introduction Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are wonderful metal materials with many attractive properties like high strength, light weight, good chemical resistance, high temperature durability, etc. [1–3]. Due to the above mentioned properties, Ti and its alloys find applications in critical areas, such as defence and aerospace, and are considered as strategic materials [4]. However, the strength, Young’s modulus and * Zhen Cao [email protected] * Jiong‑li Li [email protected] 1
AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China
2
Beijing Institute of Graphene Technology, Beijing 100094, China
3
Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Graphene Application, Beijing 100095, China
tribological performance of Ti and Ti alloys are inferior to those of nickel-based alloy and steel, which limits their further applications [5]. Considering urgent demand for components of higher performance, mechanical properties of titanium and its alloys need to be further improved for engineering applications. One of effective ways to enhance the mechanical performance of Ti and its alloys is to fabricate titanium matrix composites (TMCs
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