Mechanics of Turbulence of Multicomponent Gases
Space exploration and advanced astronomy have dramatically expanded our knowledge of outer space and made it possible to study the indepth mechanisms underlying various natural phenomena caused by complex interaction of physical-chemical and dynamical pro
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ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY VOLUME 269
EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman W. B. BURTON, Sterrewacht, Leiden, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands [email protected] Executive Committee J. M. E. KUIJPERS, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, Astronomical Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN, Astronomical Institute, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands MEMBERS I. APPENZELLER, Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl, Germany J. N. BAHCALL, The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, U.S.A. F. BERTOLA, Universitá di Padova, Italy J. P. CASSINELLI, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. C. J. CESARSKY, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France O. ENGVOLD, Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Norway R. McCRAY, University of Colorado, JILA, Boulder, U.S.A. P. G. MURDIN, Royal Greenwich Observatory, Cambridge, U.K. F. PACINI, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India K. SATO, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan F. H. SHU, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia Y. TANAKA, Institute of Space & Astronautical Science, Kanagawa, Japan S. TREMAINE, CITA, Princeton University, U.S.A. N. O. WEISS, University of Cambridge, U.K.
MECHANICS OF TURBULENCE OF MULTICOMPONENT GASES by
MIKHAIL YA. MAROV and
ALEKSANDER V. KOLESNICHENKO M. V. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:
0-306-48092-1 1-4020-0103-7
©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: and Kluwer's eBookstore at:
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To unforgettable Natasha Marova
VII
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
1
PART 1 SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODELING OF TURBULENT MULTICOMPONENT GASES CHAPTER 1 TURBULENCE IN NATURAL MEDIA
1.1. TURBULENT MOTION OF A FLUID. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1.1.1. GEOPHYSICAL TURBULENCE 1.1.2. SOME METHODS OF TURBULENCE SIMULATION 1.1.3. TURBULENT DIFFUSION 1.1.4. THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF TURBULENCE 1.2. TURBULENCE IN ATMOSPHERES OF PLANETS 1.2.1. PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES 1.2.2. DYNAMICS OF THE ATMOSPHERES OF EARTH AND VENUS 1.2.3. DYNAMICS OF THE MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE 1.2.4. GENERAL CIRCULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERES OF GIANT PLANETS 1.3. TURBULENCE IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE OF PLANETS 1.3.1. THE UPPER ATMOSPHERES OF THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS 1.3.2. TURBULENT DIFFUSION IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF TERRESTRIAL PLANETS 1.3.3. THE UPPER ATMOSPHERES OF THE GIANT P
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