Mechanisms of Gene Regulation: How Science Works
This textbook aims to describe the fascinating area of eukaryotic gene regulation for graduate students in all areas of the biomedical sciences. Gene expression is essential in shaping the various phenotypes of cells and tissues and as such, regulation of
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Mechanisms of Gene Regulation: How Science Works
Mechanisms of Gene Regulation: How Science Works
Carsten Carlberg • Ferdinand Molnár
Mechanisms of Gene Regulation: How Science Works
Carsten Carlberg Institute of Biomedicine University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland
Ferdinand Molnár Department of Biology, Rm 7e.519 Nazarbayev University Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
ISBN 978-3-030-52320-6 ISBN 978-3-030-52321-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52321-3 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
This book describes the fascinating area of eukaryotic gene regulation. Specific expression of genes is shaping the phenotype of cells and tissues. The regulation of gene expression, that is, their up- and downregulation, is the essential fundamental aspect of nearly all processes in physiology, both in health and in disease. These processes are in part very dynamic and respond to divergent daily challenges, such as incoming diet or infections. Therefore, not only biologists and biochemists should be aware of this topic, but all students of biomedical disciplines will benefit from being introduced to the concepts of gene regulation. This will provide them with a good basis for their specialized disciplines. A complete understanding of transcription factors and the processes that alter their activity is a fundamental goal of modern life science research. Genomic DNA is wrapped around complexes of histone proteins that help to fit the genome into a cell nucleus with a diameter of less than 10 μm. This protein- DNA complex is referred to as chromatin. The most important function of chromatin is to keep in a cell- and tissue-specific m
