Mechanoreceptors observed in a ligamentous structure between the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the anterior
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Mechanoreceptors observed in a ligamentous structure between the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament Baris B. Koc1 · Edwin J. P. Jansen1 · Paul van Dijk2 · Pieter J. Emans3 · Arno Lataster2 Received: 6 February 2020 / Accepted: 27 July 2020 © European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, Arthroscopy (ESSKA) 2020
Abstract Purpose A histological study of a structure between fgvbthe posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament. Methods Bilateral fresh-frozen cadaveric knees of two male donors (age 71 and 76 years) with no history of prior knee injury were examined. All dissections were performed by one experienced orthopaedic surgeon. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining was used to reveal tissue morphology. Goldner trichrome staining was used to evaluate the connective tissue. S100 and PGP 9.5 labelling were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Results In all cadaveric knees, a structure between the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament was identified. Histological analysis confirmed the ligamentous nature of this structure. Furthermore, Golgi tendon organs were observed within the ligamentous structure. Conclusion This is the first study showing the presence of mechanoreceptors within the ligamentous structure between the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament. The ligamentous structure could contribute to stability of the knee by providing proprioceptive input, while preservation of the ligamentous structure might ensure a better functional outcome after surgery. Keywords Anterior cruciate ligament · Histology · Knee joint · Lateral meniscocruciate ligament · Meniscus · Mechanoreceptor Abbreviations ACL Anterior cruciate ligament H and E Haematoxylin and Eosin LMCL Lateral meniscocruciate ligament MFL Meniscofemoral ligament PCL Posterior cruciate ligament PHLM Posterior horn of the lateral meniscus
* Baris B. Koc [email protected] 1
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Dr. H. vd Hoffplein 1, 6162 AG Sittard Geleen, The Netherlands
2
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
3
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Introduction Recently, a ligamentous structure between the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus (PHLM) and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has been observed [29]. Ligaments of the knee play a role in stability by providing proprioceptive input to the nervous system [4, 18, 21, 22, 24, 28]. Mechanoreceptors contribute to proprioception by detecting changes in tension, acceleration, direction of movement and position of the knee joint [8, 9]. The presence of mechanoreceptors has been described in the ACL, the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), the anterior meniscofemoral ligament (MFL) and the posterior MFL [2, 4, 5, 7, 13, 18, 19, 23, 27]. Howe
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