Medical Education and the Stigmatization of Mental Illness in the Philippines
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Medical Education and the Stigmatization of Mental Illness in the Philippines Candice Taguibao1
•
Robert Rosenheck1,2
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A mixed-methods study assessed mental illness stigma within the Philippine medical community. A 43-item survey was completed by three groups: (1) medical students with no prior mental health training (N = 76, 31%), (2) medical students with psychiatric classroom and/or clerkship experience (N = 43, 18%), and (3) graduate physicians (N = 125, 51%). Exploratory factor analysis identified three de-stigmatized factors for comparisons between the three Filipino groups and with medical students from 5 other countries. Surveys were followed by in-depth qualitative interviews (N = 15). The three de-stigmatized factors were as follows: (1) acceptance of social integration of mental health patients, (2) positive personal interactions with people experiencing mental illness, and (3) rejection of supernatural explanations for mental illness. While overall scores among the sample showed highly de-stigmatized attitudes, graduate physicians reported more stigmatized scores than students on social integration and personal socialization (F = 3.45, p = 0.033, F = 4.11, p = 0.018, respectively). Filipino medical students also had less stigmatizing mental health attitudes compared to students from the USA, Brazil, Ghana, Nigeria, and China. Qualitative interviews confirmed low levels of mental health stigma among the Philippine medical community, while acknowledging the persistence of stigma in the general Philippine populace.
& Robert Rosenheck [email protected] Candice Taguibao [email protected] 1
Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
2
Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Ave., Building 35, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
123
Cult Med Psychiatry
Keywords Mental health stigma Medical education Global health Global mental health
Introduction Globally, stigma toward people who experience mental illness can compound their life difficulties, inhibiting the pursuit of treatment and fostering social alienation. Three core components of stigma are: stereotyping (biased perception), prejudice (biased intentions), and discrimination (biased treatment) (Rusch, Angermeyer, and Corrigan 2005). Stigma experienced by people with mental illness can lead to negative interpersonal interactions, exclusion from life opportunities, decreased self-esteem, and failure to utilize potentially helpful mental health services (Livingstone and Boyd 2010). Stigma also exists among health care providers and can impede the effectiveness of treatment and the acceptance potentially offered by the mental health care system (Horsfall, Cleary, and Hunt 2010; Clement et al. 2014). Several recent studies have considered the role of medical education as a counter to stigma toward people with mental illness within the medical community. For example, a cross-sectional study conducted in Nigeri
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