Medical Enhancement and Posthumanity

As we are increasingly using new technologies to change ourselves beyond therapy and in accordance with our own desires, understanding the challenges of human enhancement has become one of the most urgent topics of the current age. This volume contributes

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The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology VOLUME 2

Editors Anthony Mark Cutter, Centre for Professional Ethics, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom Bert Gordijn, Ethics Institute, Dublin City University, Ireland Gary E. Marchant, Executive Director, Center for the Study of Law, Science, & Technology, University of Arizona, USA Alain Pompidou, Former President, European Patent Office, Munich, Germany

Editorial Board Ruth Chadwick, Director, ESRC Centre for Economic & Social Aspects of Genomics, Cardiff, UK Henk ten Have, Director, UNESCO Division of Ethics of Science and Technology, Paris, France Søren Holm, Director, Cardiff Centre for Ethics, Law & Society, Cardiff, UK George Khushf, Humanities Director, Center for Bioethics, University of South Carolina, USA Dieter Birnbacher, Professor, Institute of Philosophy, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Germany Edmund Pellegrino, Chair, President’s Council on Bioethics, Washington, DC, USA Graeme Laurie, Co-Director, AHRC Centre for Intellectual Property and Technology Law, UK Bartha Maria Knoppers, Chair in Law and Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada Roger Brownsword, Professor of Law, King’s College London, UK Paul Stephen Dempsey, Professor & Director of the Institute of Air & Space Law, Université de Montréal, Canada Justice Michael Kirby; High Court of Australia, Canberra, Australia Rene Oosterlinck, Director of External Relations, European Space Agency, Paris Serge Gutwirth, Professor of Human Rights, Comparative Law, Legal theory and Methodology, Faculty of Law, Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Belgium John Weckert, Professor, School of Information Studies, Charles Sturt University, Australia Michael Froomkin, Professor, University of Miami Law School, Florida, USA David Krieger, President, The Waging Peace Foundation, California, USA

For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7761

Bert Gordijn • Ruth Chadwick Editors

Medical Enhancement and Posthumanity

Editors Bert Gordijn Ethics Institute Dublin City University Ireland [email protected]

ISBN 978-1-4020-8851-3

Ruth Chadwick University of Cardiff Cardiff Law School Museum Avenue Cardiff United Kingdom CF10 3AT [email protected]

e-ISBN 978-1-4020-8852-0

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008933211 © 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

Contents

Introduction .................................................................................................... Bert Gordijn and Ruth Chadwick

1

Part I Medical Enhancement 1

The History of Medical Enhancement: From Restituti