Medical Neglect in Childhood
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EDITORIAL
Medical Neglect in Childhood Barbara L. Knox 1 & Randell C. Alexander 2 & Francois M. Luyet 3 & Debra D. Esernio-Jenssen 4,5 Accepted: 20 July 2020 / Published online: 14 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This introduction provides an overview to the special issues on medical neglect in childhood guest edited by Barbara L. Knox, MD, FAAP, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital at Providence, Medical Director of Alaska Child Abuse Response and Evaluation Services; Randell C. Alexander, MD, PhD, FAAP, Professor and Chief, Division of Child Protection and Forensic Pediatrics at the University of Florida-Jacksonville; Francois M. Luyet, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; and Debra D. Esernio-Jenssen, Professor of Pediatrics at the Morsani College of Medicine USF Health in Tampa, Florida and the Chief of Child Protection Medicine at Lehigh Valley Reilly Children’s Hospital. Ten articles are included in this special edition aiming to explore the role of medical neglect in situations commonly encountered by practitioners. Keywords Medical neglect . Child abuse . Child maltreatment . Neglect
In the United States, there were 678,000 officially confirmed victims of child maltreatment in 2018. Of these, 60.8% were due to neglect, which is 412, 224 children. Of the 1770 deaths noted, 72.8% were neglect and 8.1% due to medical neglect (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2020). These are just the known cases; the actual numbers are probably 3–4 times higher. Identifying medical neglect may be difficult and is sometimes somewhat subjective, as assessing what meets a minimal standard of heath care that a parent must provide for a child may depend on state laws and medical practices and can be complicated by socio-economic and/or cultural factors. This special edition aims to help general pediatricians and
* Barbara L. Knox [email protected] 1
University of Washington School of Medicine, Alaska Child Abuse Response and Evaluation Services (Alaska CARES) at The Children’s Hospital at Providence, Anchorage, AK, USA
2
Division of Child Protection and Forensic Pediatrics, University of Florida-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
3
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
4
Morsani College of Medicine USF Health, Tampa, FL, USA
5
Lehigh Valley Reilly Children’s Hospital in Allentown, Allentown, PA, USA
child abuse specialists alike with various situations when medical neglect is a likely contributor to a child’s health problem. In children affected by a chronic condition (asthma, diabetes, HIV), medical neglect can tip the balance between a good quality of life and poor health, multiple emergency department visits, and a possible fatal outcome. Four articles in this special issue deal with this question: Barbara Knox and colleagues focus on poor asthma control, Ryan Collier and Kelly Cronin-Komatz examine t
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