Medieval English Social Inequality and Bone Health: What Lessons are There to be Learnt for the Living?
There is no doubt that modern lifestyles have an effect on our health. The ways in which our bodies respond and adapt to the daily activities we engage in and the types of food we eat are influenced by our socio-economic surroundings. These are further li
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Bone Health
Justyna J. Miszkiewicz Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen Jose A. Riancho Editors
Bone Health A Reflection of the Social Mosaic
Editors Justyna J. Miszkiewicz School of Archaeology and Anthropology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen Department of Medicine-Western Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
Jose A. Riancho Department of Internal Medicine University of Cantabria Santander Cantabria Spain
Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health St Albans VIC Australia
ISBN 978-981-13-7255-1 ISBN 978-981-13-7256-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7256-8 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
To all those whose health is affected by social inequity and inequality
Foreword
Human beings are a combination of three major dimensions: biological, psychological and social. Interactions between these dimensions and the environment determine health and disease. Musculoskeletal conditions are not an exception. In the particular case of osteoporosis, our bones are constantly affected by biological factors that increase or decrease bone quality based on biological changes associated with ageing, hormones and interactions between multiple factors including nutrition, disease and medications. Interestingly, bone is also affected by psychological factors from multiple directions. Connections between the autonomic system and bone cells have been reported, which explain why high levels of stress or depression could have an impact on bone quality. Depression is associated with social is
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