Melia Azedarach impregnated Co and Ni zero-valent metal nanoparticles for organic pollutants degradation: validation of
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Melia Azedarach impregnated Co and Ni zero‑valent metal nanoparticles for organic pollutants degradation: validation of experiments through statistical analysis Zubair Ahmad1 · Sher Ali Shah1 · Irum Khattak1 · Himayat Ullah2 · Amir Ali Khan1 · Ruidar Ali Shah1 · Shahid Ali Khan1 · Sher Bahadar Khan3 Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The Melia Azedarach (MA) plant materials were used for the stabilization of Co (Co/MA) and Ni (Ni/MA) NPs prepared through simple chemical routes in an aqueous medium using N aBH4 as a reducing agent. The prepared catalysts were extensively characterized through FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDS, and TGA elemental analysis. These techniques suggest the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the MA plant. Five modal pollutants methyl orange (MO), para-nitrophenol (PNP), Congo Red (CR), Rhodamine B (RB), and Methylene Blue (RB) were selected to assessed the catalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts. The Co/MA decolorized the MO and PNP in 4.5 and 12 min up to 81 and 93%, respectively, while the Ni/MA took 8 and 25 min in the decolorization of the same pollutants up to 95 and 89%, respectively. The kapp values for PNP degradation of Co/MA are higher which was 2.1 × 10–1 compared to Ni/MA (4.9 × 10–2 min−1) confirming the highest catalyst activity of Co/MA. Similarly, we have observed the superior catalyst activity of Co/MA for all the selected pollutants and the highest rate constant found for MB dye was 2.2 × 10–1 min−1. The turnover frequency (TOF) found highest for Co/MA against PNP degradation which was 3.4 × 10–1 h−1 and lowest for Ni/MA against MO degradation (9.6 × 10–2 h−1), respectively. Furthermore, various statistical parameters indicated that all the experiments are highly significant.
1 Introduction Environmental pollution is one of the leading problem worldwide affecting human beings and other organisms [1–3], and is mainly caused by the natural calamities and anthropogenic activities [4, 5]. Rapid urbanization and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04250-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shahid Ali Khan [email protected] * Sher Bahadar Khan [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23561, Pakistan
2
Department of Statistics, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23561, Pakistan
3
Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
growth in industrial commercialization is one of the most emerging problems globally [6, 7]. According to United Nation estimates, 300–500 million tons of heavy metals, organic wastes, solvents, and other waste are released by industrial, domestic, and environmental sources into the water resources [8]. Organic industrial waste mainly includes nitroaromatic compounds and dyes stuff
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