Merging Pathways: Music Therapy in Neurosurgical Rehabilitation
Relatively few departments of Music Therapy are found within neurosurgical rehabilitation clinics. In institutions where these departments exist, music therapy has become an integral part of multi-professional treatment and research activities (Gilbertson
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Merging Pathways: Music Therapy in Neurosurgical Rehabilitation S. Gilbertson and W. Ischebeck Klinik Holthausen, Hattingen, Germany
Summary Relatively few departments of Music Therapy are found within neurosurgical rehabilitation clinics. In institutions where these departments exist, music therapy has become an integral part of multiprofessional treatment and research activities (Gilbertson 1999). The diverse intervention strategies in Music Therapy focus upon auditory, motor, visual, cognitive and affective processing which are all involved in receptive and expressive musical behaviour and which affect related non-musical behaviour. A clear differentiation is made between primary and adjunct therapy roles. The related fields of neuromusicology, neuroanatomy, neuropsychology, music psychology and humanistic psychology are primary sources in the development of models of clinical application (Hodges 1996). Our main interests are focussed on the following issues and areas of clinical application: - The initialisation of contact with patients in vegetative status - Communicative interaction with patients who can not (initially) use verbal communication (aphasic disorders) - Temporal motor organisation with patients with sensomotor disorders - Cognitive organisation and mnemonic framework with patients with neuropsychological functional disorders (concentration, memory, perception) - Treatment of spatial perception disorders (neglect) - Enhancing personal and social integration following individual isolation, social withdrawal These topics will be discussed and highlighted with clinical examples. Keywords: Neurorehabilitation music therapy.
Introduction The development of music therapy specifically within neurosurgical rehabilitation began in Europe at the beginning of the 1990's. As the Klinik Holthausen, a clinic providing neurosurgical rehabilitation for 210 adults and 60 children opened in 1993, its Depart-
ment of Music Therapy was one of the few of its type in existence within Europe. In the following years the Department expanded and now employs seven music therapists. The Department provides both individual and group therapy in various modalities and is an integral part of a multi-professional team. Patients are referred by the ward doctors from all nine adult wards and both children's wards. The Department is equipped to the highest standards and thus provides both the patients and therapists with the best possible environmental circumstances. Alongside providing therapy, the Department is also dedicated to supporting music therapy education through offering clinical placements for students. Clinical Experiences and Conclusions The term "Music Therapy" is a meta-category for a diverse range of therapeutic interventions, which are either augmentative, supportive or primary therapies, which are based on the medium of music (Hodges 1996). The modalities of music therapy we offer include: Receptive Music Therapy Interactive Music Therapy Group Music Therapy Music-based motor rehabilitation The following text pr
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