Meshfree Particle Methods

Meshfree Particle Methods is a comprehensive and systematic exposition of particle methods, meshfree Galerkin and partitition of unity methods, molecular dynamics methods, and multiscale methods. Most theories, computational formulations, and simulation r

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Shaofan Li · Wing Kam Liu

Meshfree Particle Methods With 189 figures, 74 in color

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Professor Shaofan Li University of California Department of Civil and Enviromental Engineering 783 Davis Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-1710 USA [email protected] Wing Kam Liu Walter P. Murphy Professor Direction of NSF Summer Institute on Nano Mechanics and Materials Northwestern University Department of Mechanical Engineering 2145 Sheridan Road Evaston, IL 60208-3111 USA [email protected]

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007920185

ISBN 978-3-540-22256-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Corrected printing This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004, 2007 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: data delivered by authors Production: LE-TEX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig Cover Design: E. Kirchner, Springer-Verlag Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper

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Preface

The origin of meshfree methods could be traced back to a few decades, but it was not until after the early 1990s that substantial and significant advances were made in this field. Mesh based numerical methods, e.g. finite element methods, have been the primary computational methodologies in engineering computations for more than half a century. One of the main limitations of finite element approximations is that they can only live on a prearranged topological environment — a mesh, which is an artificial constraint to ensure compatibility of finite element interpolation. A mesh itself is not, and is often in conflict with, the real physical compatibility condition that a continuum possesses. When conflicts between mesh and a physical compatibility occur, remeshing becomes inevitable, which is not only a time consuming process, but also leads to degradation of computational accuracy — a process of gradually losing numerical accuracy, producing significant pollution, and tainting computational results. The resurgent interest in meshfree methods was to develop meshless interpolant schemes that can relieve the burden of remeshing and successive mesh generation, which have posed serious technical impediments in some finite element procedures such as adaptive refinement, simulations of