Meta-heuristic algorithm for aircraft pre-tactical conflict resolution with altitude and heading angle change maneuvers
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Meta‑heuristic algorithm for aircraft pre‑tactical conflict resolution with altitude and heading angle change maneuvers Ramazan Kursat Cecen1 · Tugba Saraç1 · Cem Cetek2 Received: 19 December 2019 / Accepted: 23 October 2020 © Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa 2020
Abstract Aircraft conflict resolution is of great importance for the safe and efficient management of air traffic. This study proposes a two-step optimization approach for the aircraft conflict resolution problems within the pre-tactical time window in generic free route airspace. Safe separation between aircraft pairs is maintained using either altitude or heading angle change maneuvers in a pre-defined buffer zone within the boundaries of the airspace. The first step of the model aims to minimize the total number of conflicting aircraft and the total fuel consumption together using altitude change maneuvers. A mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed for the first step but, due to the high computational time, a metaheuristic algorithm (simulated annealing) was developed. If the altitude change does not resolve all conflicts in the first step, the proposed model implements heading angle change maneuvers with minimum extra fuel burn in the second step. A nonlinear programming model is presented for the second step. Numerical results show that the proposed approach can resolve all conflicts in less than 4 min for the highest traffic flow rate. Keywords Aircraft conflict resolution · Air traffic management · Meta-heuristic algorithm · Non-linear programming model · Mixed-integer linear programming model · Free route airspace Mathematics Subject Classification 90C11 · 90C30 · 90B06
* Ramazan Kursat Cecen [email protected] 1
Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
2
Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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1 Introduction Air transportation makes a significant contribution to international and domestic economies in many ways, for example, by accelerating economic integration, increasing international trade and mobility, providing tourism support, and by generating more employment opportunities globally. This industry has grown by more than 60% in terms of annual air traffic volume over the last decade. For the next 20 years, global annual air traffic is expected to grow by an average of 4.3% (Scherer 2019). Airspace capacities, however, will be unable to meet this rapid demand in many parts of the world unless air traffic controllers supplied with advanced decision support tools to cope with these air traffic rates. Recent developments enable us to obtain more accurate information about aircraft positions and airspeeds. Therefore, these new tools, along with enhanced air traffic data, allow the detection and resolution of aircraft conflicts in a pre-tactical time window (i.e. up to 2 h prior to the conflict). The purpose of aircraft conflict detection and resolution (CDR) is to create conflict-free trajectories for each aircraft that shares the
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