Metabolic Basis of Obesity
The obesity epidemic has generated immense interest in recent years due to the wide-ranging and significant adverse health and economic consequences that surround the problem. Much attention has been focused on behaviors that lead to obesity, in particula
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Rexford S. Ahima Editor
Metabolic Basis of Obesity
Editor Rexford S. Ahima
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 415 Curie Boulevard, 712A Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-1606-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-1607-5 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1607-5 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937648 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
This book is dedicated to my family, mentors, colleagues and trainees, who have all contributed to my professional and scientific development. I am especially thankful to Grace, FAS, OH, Dedaa, Osei, Opare and Patrick, for making this and other endeavors worthwhile.
Preface
Overweight, defined as body-mass index (BMI) greater than 25, and obesity, defined as BMI greater than 30, are characterized by excessive fat accumulation which poses adverse risks to health. Worldwide, there are more than one billion overweight and 300 million obese adults. Obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, arthritis, cancer and other diseases, and has been associated with enormous health costs, premature death, reduction in the quality of life and disability. The increasing global incidence of child obesity is also a major concern. The obesity epidemic is not just a problem for industrialized societies. Indeed, obesity rates have risen three times or more over the past two decades in some developing countries. Although the growing obesity epidemic undoubtedly reflects profound changes in diet and lifestyle over recent decades, genetic factors are important in determining a person’s susceptibility to weight gain and adverse health consequences of obesity. The goal of this book is to highlight the pathophysiolgy of obesity and associated diseases. While a completely comprehensive discussion of the metabolic basis of obesity is beyond the scope of this book, we present in-depth reviews of a wide range of topics, including energy homeostasis and intermediary metabolism, adipocyte biology, central neu
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