Metabolomic analysis of night-released soybean root exudates under high- and low-K conditions
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Metabolomic analysis of night-released soybean root exudates under high- and low-K conditions Tantriani & Takuro Shinano & Weiguo Cheng & Kazuki Saito & Akira Oikawa & Benito Heru Purwanto & Keitaro Tawaraya
Received: 28 February 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Aims Root exudates of soybean grown under low-, normal-, and high-K+ conditions were evaluated using metabolomics. Methods Two soybean cultivars, ‘Satonohohoemi’ (low-K-tolerant) and ‘Tachinagaha’ (low-K sensitive), were hydroponically grown with 6 (K6), 60 (K60), and 120 (K120) mg K L −1 for 7 and 14 days after transplanting (DAT). Root exudates were collected, and metabolites were evaluated using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results Rroot K concentration was lower in K6 and higher in K120 compared to K60. Number of Responsible Editor: Terry James Rose. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04715-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Tantriani : W. Cheng : A. Oikawa : K. Tawaraya (*) Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan e-mail: [email protected]
metabolites detected in ‘Satonohohoemi’ and ‘Tachinagaha’ was 43 and 39, respectively. Score plot of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear grouping of the root exudate metabolites based one three K concentrations and two sampling times, with the first PCA accounting for 65.7% and 71.5% of the variance for the ‘Satonohohoemi’ and ‘Tachinagaha’, respectively. High-K conditions enhanced release of root exudate metabolites to rhizosphere in both soybean cultivars from 18% to 42%. However, low-K conditions resulted in a 1.2-fold increase and a 2.5-fold decrease in the release of root exudate metabolites in ‘Tachinagaha’ and ‘Satonohohoemi’, respectively, at 7 and 14 DAT. Conclusions These results reveal that soybean roots exude many metabolites in response to high- and lowK conditions. The number of increased metabolites was higher after long-term (14 DAT) compared to that of the short-term (7 DAT) of exposure of high- and low-K conditions. Soybean cultivars differ in the capacity to release metabolites by altering the exudation of specific metabolites for a better adaptation to the high- and lowK conditions.
T. Shinano Department of Bioscience and Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
Keywords Metabolite . Root exudates . Potassium . Soybean . Rhizosphere
K. Saito RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
Abbreviations DAT Days After Transplanting CE-TOF MS Capillary Electrophoresis Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry PCA Principal Component Analysis K Potassium
B. H. Purwanto Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Plant Soil
GlcNAc JA AICAR
N-Acetylglucosamine Jasm
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