Methane Decomposition Nickel Catalysts Based on Structured Supports
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ane Decomposition Nickel Catalysts Based on Structured Supports M. A. Gubanova, *, M. I. Ivantsova, M. V. Kulikovaa, V. A. Kryuchkovb, N. V. Nikitchenkoc, M. I. Knyazevaa, A. B. Kulikova, A. A. Pimenovc, and A. L. Maksimova aTopchiev
Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia Institute of Oil and Gas Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333 Russia c Samara State Technical University, Samara, 443100 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
b
Received May 10, 2020; revised May 11, 2020; accepted May 12, 2020
Abstract—New methane degradation nickel catalysts based on original and modified layered double hydroxides and multilayer carbon nanotubes have been synthesized. The synthesized systems have been characterized by a set of physicochemical methods, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and the thermal method. The catalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts in the temperature range of 550–850°С has been studied. It has been shown that in the methane decomposition reaction, the sample with a modified Ni-containing layer exhibits two regions of catalytic activity (550– 650 and 700–850°С), whereas the sample based on carbon nanotubes is characterized by a single region (700–850°С) and the system based on a layered double hydroxide does not show activity in the entire temperature range. Keywords: catalytic decomposition of methane, carbon nanotubes, layered double structures DOI: 10.1134/S096554412009011X
Climate change taking place in the world is largely dependent on greenhouse gas emissions arising from human activities. The major effect on changes in the average global temperature is exerted by carbon dioxide, whose emission volume is extremely large [1, 2]. Therefore, the development of technologies aimed at decreasing or even completely eliminating carbon oxide emissions is relevant and urgent. A possible direction is the so-called hydrogen power engineering [3]. Hydrogen is thought of as being one of the most environmentally friendly energy sources; it can be used in fuel cells providing the complete absence of CO2 emissions. However, the main currently available hydrogen production process is the steam reforming of methane; in industry, this process is run under fairly severe conditions (temperature above 800°, a pressure of 20–30 atm) [4]; in addition, carbon oxides are the main waste of the synthesis. Thus, taking into account the full run, which includes the hydrogen production, extraction, and purification stages, hydrogen power engineering is almost equivalent to direct methane combustion in terms of environmental impact. In addition, carbon oxide isolation is fraught with another serious problem, which is associated with the storage and possible further recycling of carbon oxides [5].
A possible method to solve the problem of producing pure hydrogen can be the direct catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons—mostly methane—via the following reaction: CH4 = C + 2H2 [6]. In terms of hydrogen power
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