Method of Estimating River Levels with Reflective Tapes Using Artificial Vision Techniques
Water level measurement in a river is a necessary step for flood prevention. Early recognition of this factor could reduce the vulnerability of the population in the surroundings. In this work, we use frames from videos as images to obtain water level mea
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bstract Water level measurement in a river is a necessary step for flood prevention. Early recognition of this factor could reduce the vulnerability of the population in the surroundings. In this work, we use frames from videos as images to obtain water level measurement indirectly. We applied digital image processing techniques over these images to perform segmentation, edge detection, and we also applied multiple view geometry techniques as projective transformation in a plane. The proposed method estimates water level in specific locations where it is possible to install a reflective tape with a two-color pattern, used as an indicator of water level. We obtained the segmentation of the section out of the water of the reflective tape and so we get the estimation of water level. Through the relation of the real distances (in centimeters) that have four collinear points, seen from a perpendicular view, with the distances (in pixel unit) of those same points contained in an image, which has undergone a projective transformation. We made testing in a water tank built to this work and the tests produced a percentage error at the range of 0.01–2.06% to a distance of 1.5 m from a wall and 2 m high (location of camera). Keywords Water level measurement · Image segmentation · Projective geometry
1 Introduction Rivers are among the most important hydrographic reliefs present on the coast of Perú. In recent years, floods and river overflow, especially occurring in seasons L. E. López Huamán (B) · M. P. E. Apolinario Lainez · S. G. Huamán Bustamante Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Capacitación de Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima 15021, Peru e-mail: [email protected] M. P. E. Apolinario Lainez e-mail: [email protected] S. G. Huamán Bustamante e-mail: [email protected] © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Y. Iano et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the 5th Brazilian Technology Symposium, Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies 202, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57566-3_19
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summer when the oceanic and climatic phenomenon “El Niño” manifest more strongly, have been increasing and causing more damage than expected in the surrounding areas, such as those caused by the Rímac River (see Fig. 1c). For this reason, the continuous monitoring of water level variation is essential. Several techniques for measuring the level of water exist, but some are more accurate than others, in proportion to the investment of costs of equipment. Another important consideration is the selection of measurement points of a river basin. Normally, this task is in charge of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Service of Peru (SENAMHI) and the National Authority of Water (ANA). The automatic hydrological stations are used for measuring the level of rivers and rainfall, using pressure, bubble and radar meters (see Fig. 1a, b); the latter being the most popular [1, 2]. In this work, we focus
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