Methodology of History
No discipline has been more praised or more criticized than the writing of history. Cioero claimed that history teaches men how to live. Aris totle denied it the very name of science and regwded poetry as the higher wisdom. At various times history has b
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SYNTHESE LIBRARY MONOGRAPHS ON EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE, SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE AND OF KNOWLEDGE, AND ON THE MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Managing Editor: J AAKKO HINTIKKA, Academy of Finland and Stanford University
Editors: Boston University
ROBERT S. COHEN, DONALD DAVIDSON,
Rockefeller University and Princeton University
GABRIEL NUCHELMANS, WESLEY C. SALMON,
University of Leyden
University of Arizona
VOLUME 88
JERZY TOPOLSKI
METHODOLOGY OF HISTORY Translated from the Polish by
OLGIERD WOJTASIEWICZ
D. REIDEL PUBLISHIN G COMPANY DORDRECHT - HOLLAND / BOSTON - U.S.A.
PWN - POLISH SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS WARSAW-POLAND
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Topolski, Jerzy. Methodology of history. (Synthese library; v. 88) Translation of Metodologia historii. Bibliography: p. 1. History - Methodology. I. Title. D16. T6613 900'.1'8 76-25080 lSBN-13: 978-94-010-1125-9 e-lSBN-13: 978-94-010-1123-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-010-1123-5
This translation has been made from METODOLOGIA HISTORII Published in 1973 by Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa Distributors for U.S.A., Canada and Mexico D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Lincoln Building, 160 Old Derby Street, Hingham, Mass. 02043, U.S.A. Distributors for all other countries D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY P.O. Box 17, Dordrecht, Holland
All rights reserved Copyright © by PWN - Polish Scientific Publishers - Warszawa 1976 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1976 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner
CONTENTS
IN'rRODUCfION •
PART ONE METHODOLOGY AND HISTORY
I. THE SUBJECT MA'ITER OF
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
1lffi MErnODOLOGY OF SCIENCES
The main branches and aspects of the methodology of sciences The methodology uf sciences and semiotics. . . . The methodology of sciences and the history of science . The methodology of sciences and the theory of games and of decision-making . The methodology of sciences and information theory . The methodology of sciences and epistemology. . . . . The methodology of sciences and ontological and psychological .. . investigations . .. Conclusions for use in specialized methodologies .
ll. THE SUBJECT MA'ITER OF 1lffi MErnODOLOGY OF HISTORY .
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Branches of the methodology of history The pragmatic methodology of history . The apragmatic methodology of history. The objective methodology of history. . . . .. The general methodology of history versus the methodologies of the various historical disciplines. . . . . . . 6. The general methodology of history in relation to heuristics and source criticism. The place of the auxiliary historical disciplines .
11 11 12 18 19 20 22 22
26
30 30 33 35 36 38 41
IT!. THE SCOPE OF 1lffi SUBJECT MA'ITER (DoMAIN) OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH
1. Preliminary r
