Methods in Nonlinear Analysis
Nonlinear analysis has developed rapidly in the last three decades. Theories, techniques and results in many different branches of mathematics have been combined in solving nonlinear problems. This book collects and reorganizes up-to-date materials scatte
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Kung-Ching Chang
Methods in Nonlinear Analysis
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Kung-Ching Chang School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University 100871 Beijing People’s Republic of China E-mail: [email protected]
Library of Congress Control Number: 2005931137 Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 47H00, 47J05, 47J07, 47J25, 47J30, 58-01, 58C15, 58E05, 49-01, 49J15, 49J35, 49J45, 49J53, 35-01 ISSN 1439-7382 ISBN-10 3-540-24133-7 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-24133-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Printed in The Netherlands The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: by the authors and TechBooks using a Springer LATEX macro package Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper
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Preface
Nonlinear analysis is a new area that was born and has matured from abundant research developed in studying nonlinear problems. In the past thirty years, nonlinear analysis has undergone rapid growth; it has become part of the mainstream research fields in contemporary mathematical analysis. Many nonlinear analysis problems have their roots in geometry, astronomy, fluid and elastic mechanics, physics, chemistry, biology, control theory, image processing and economics. The theories and methods in nonlinear analysis stem from many areas of mathematics: Ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, the calculus of variations, dynamical systems, differential geometry, Lie groups, algebraic topology, linear and nonlinear functional analysis, measure theory, harmonic analysis, convex analysis, game theory, optimization theory, etc. Amidst solving these problems, many branches are intertwined, thereby advancing each other. The author has been offering a course on nonlinear analysis to graduate students at Peking University and other universities every two or three years over the past two decades. Facing an enormous amount of material, vast numbers of references, diversities of disciplines, and tremendously different backgrounds of students in the audience, the author is always concerned with how much an individual can truly l
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