Methods to Assess the Antioxidative Properties of Probiotics
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Methods to Assess the Antioxidative Properties of Probiotics P. V. Zolotukhin 1 & E. V. Prazdnova 1 & V. A. Chistyakov 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2017
Abstract Probiotics prove useful in correcting and preventing numerous health conditions, including those having severe impact on society, e.g., obesity and cancer. Notably, these capabilities of probiotics appear to be associated with their antioxidant properties. The mechanisms of antioxidant action of probiotics range from immediate biochemical scavenging of reactive substances to induction of signaling events leading to increased capacity of the host’s cytoprotective systems. Since the antioxidant effects of probiotics significantly vary in types and details, a broad selection of methods of assessment of these properties is required in order to identify, characterize, and develop novel probiotics for medical purposes, as well as to explain the mechanisms of action of probiotics already in use in healthcare. This review revises the versatile toolbox, which can be used to assess the antioxidant properties of probiotics. Keywords Antioxidant assays . Probiotics . Preventive healthcare . Biochemical scavenging . Signaling
Introduction There are numerous reports on the ability of probiotic bacteria to correct negative effects of various non-infectious pathologies such as allergies, toxicoses of different etiology, obesity, etc.; in addition, some probiotics appear to be capable of preventing cancer [1–7]. The broad spectrum of healthpromoting activity of probiotics can be attributed to their metabolic products protecting eukaryotic host’s cells from negative influence of various factors, including oxidative stress [6]. Besides displaying a plethora of health-promoting functions which are often strain specific [8, 9], some probiotic bacteria demonstrate strong antioxidative potentials [10]. Specifically, Lactobacillus fermentum (Lb. fermentum) strains were shown to have resistance to several reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals [11]. In addition, some metabolites, such as exopolysaccharides, synthesized, and excreted by probiotic bacteria, were shown to have antioxidant activity [12]. Extracts of Bifidobacterium animalis 01 were found to scavenge ROS in vitro and in vivo [13]. Also, oxidative stress
* E. V. Prazdnova [email protected] 1
Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
associated with type 2 diabetes was shown to be decreased by multispecies probiotic preparations, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in situations of elevated physical stress in humans [14]. One of the widely investigated topics in dietary-based biomedicine is probiotics for amelioration of oxidative stressrelated diseases by direct sequestration of ROS and augmentation of antioxidant defense systems operating in the human body [15–17]. The production of free radicals at high levels in the gut can exert cytotoxic effects on the membrane phospholipids of t
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