MgAl 2 O 4 Inclusion Agglomeration on the Surface of Liquid Steel
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Non-metallic inclusions are unavoidable during steelmaking and have a serious effect on the performance of steel.[1,2] In recent years, Ca and Mg treatments have become a popular method for inclusion modification in metallurgical processes.[3,4] Many researchers have found that Mg can modify alumina inclusions into magnesia-alumina spinel inclusions, with the modified MgAl2O4 inclusions in liquid steel being spherical and near-spherical particles of a smaller size.[5–10] However, after modification, these fine MgAl2O4 inclusions can grow through aggregation in liquid steel. Argon bubbling into molten steel is considered to be an important
LEI CAO and YANG ZHAO are with the School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, Liaoning, P. R China and also with the Key Laboratory of Chemical Metallurgy Engineering Liaoning Province, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, Liaoning, P. R China. GUOCHENG WANG is with the School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning and also with the Key Laboratory of Chemical Metallurgy Engineering Liaoning Province, University of Science and Technology Liaoning and also with the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401. Contact e-mail: [email protected] SEETHARAMAN SRIDHAR is with the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines. HONG LEI is with the Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, P. R China. Manuscript submitted May 19, 2019.
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means of removing non-metallic inclusions in the steel. Argon bubbling can generate turbulent eddy currents in the molten steel, which greatly improve the agglomeration of inclusions.[11] Therefore, it is necessary to better understand the agglomeration behavior of non-metallic inclusions at the metal/Ar interface. For this, in situ observations are an effective method for studying the aggregation of inclusions at the metal/Ar interface. Yin et al.[12] observed the collision behavior of Al2O3 inclusions by CLSM, and calculated that the long-range attraction force between Al2O3 inclusions on the surface of molten steel reached 1016 N. Khurana et al.[13] observed the agglomeration of Ca-treated alumina inclusions by CLSM, and evaluated inclusion agglomeration in molten steel by capillary forces. Nakajima et al.[14] found that in 16Cr stainless, the inclusion size and morphology have a great influence on the capillary interactions between inclusions. Wang et al.[7] found that the long-range force between Mg-containing inclusions is weaker than that between Mg-free inclusions in H13 steel. Du et al.[15] observed the agglomeration between MgAl2O4 and Al2O3 on an H13 liquid steel surface by CLSM and found that the long-range attractive force between MgAl2O4 inclusion particles in H13 steel containing magnesium are less than that
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