Microalgal growth coupled with wastewater treatment in open and closed systems for advanced biofuel generation
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Microalgal growth coupled with wastewater treatment in open and closed systems for advanced biofuel generation Hu Xiaogang 1 & Mohammed Jalalah 2 & Wu Jingyuan 3 & Yuanzhang Zheng 4 & Xiangkai Li 5 & El-Sayed Salama 6 Received: 27 July 2020 / Revised: 22 September 2020 / Accepted: 2 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Wastewater utilization as a medium for microalgal cultivation have copious simultaneous perquisites such as removal of nutrients (80–100%), heavy metal removal, carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration from atmosphere (1.83 kg CO2 kg−1 biomass), and high biomass production for biofuel generation (40–50% higher than crops feedstock). Municipal, industrial, domestic, agro-industrial, and several other types of wastewater treatment by coupling microalgal cultivation require two sorts of systems: open pond systems (OPs) and closed photobioreactors (PBRs). Many studies have focused on the utilization of OPs and closed PBRs for microalgal cultivation; however, comprehensive information in context of nutrient removal efficiency and biomass productivity with updated data is not fully addressed. In this review, wastewater treatment coupled microalgal cultivation for biofuel generation is emphasized in OPs and closed PBRs. The limitations of both systems, implementation of different approaches to enhance the biomass productivity, and economic feasibility are also highlighted. Based on the literature analysis, PBRs are more effective in wastewater treatment and biomass/biofuel generation due to contamination control and management of major parameters affecting microalgal growth. However, the implementation of various techniques to reduce the capital investment in PBR reactor designs is required for further use on commercial scale. Keywords Microalgae . Raceway ponds . Photobioreactors . Wastewater . Nutrient removal . Biofuels
1 Introduction * Mohammed Jalalah [email protected]; [email protected] * El-Sayed Salama [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Pingliang Rehabilitation Center Hospital, No. 23 Taitong Road, Kongtong District, 744000 Pingliang, People’s Republic of China
2
Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
3
First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
4
Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine Biochemistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis 46202, USA
5
MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
6
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
Environmental pollutants such as inadequate waste disposal, domestic effluent, agricultural runoff, and indiscriminate industrial disp
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