Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Dyes in Wastewaters
Today synthetic dyes are used extensively in the textile dyeing, paper printing, color photography, pharmaceuticals, food and drink, cosmetic and leather industries. As of now, over 100,000 different dyes are available, with an annual production of over 7
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Shree Nath Singh Editor
Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Dyes in Wastewaters
Environmental Science and Engineering Environmental Science
Series editors Rod Allan, Burlington, ON, Canada Ulrich Förstner, Hamburg, Germany Wim Salomons, Haren, The Netherlands
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/3234
Shree Nath Singh Editor
Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Dyes in Wastewaters
123
Editor Shree Nath Singh Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division CSIR—National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
ISSN 1431-6250 ISBN 978-3-319-10941-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-10942-8
ISBN 978-3-319-10942-8
(eBook)
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To parents in heavenly abode
Preface
Unlike natural dyes which are derived from plants, vegetables, and some minerals, synthetic dyes are manufactured by chemical processes and are commonly used for dying and printing in a wide range of industries. They are originally derived from coal tar derivatives, but are now synthesized from benzene and its derivatives. Synthetic dyes are usually named after the c
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