Microbial Influences of Mucosal Immunity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- PDF / 551,976 Bytes
- 8 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 120 Downloads / 191 Views
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (L MORELAND, SECTION EDITOR)
Microbial Influences of Mucosal Immunity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Timothy M. Wilson 1 & Brandon Trent 1 & Kristine A. Kuhn 1 & M. Kristen Demoruelle 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review This review will summarize recent data defining the relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the microbiome at mucosal sites throughout the body. It will highlight what is known, what is speculated, and current knowledge gaps regarding the microbiome in RA. Recent Findings An extensive relationship between the microbiome and immune cell function can influence RA-related inflammation and T cell and B cell biology. Studies are beginning to characterize microbial changes in individuals who are at risk for RA, which is a critical element needed to understand the influence of the microbiome on RA pathogenesis. Summary Expanding our understanding of the microbiome in RA beyond the bacteria at the gut and oral mucosae into the lung and urogenital surfaces, including viral and fungal components, and establishing the relationship across mucosal sites will be critical in future work. Importantly, approaches to manipulate the microbiome could lead to novel therapeutic and preventive strategies. Keywords Rheumatoid arthritis . Microbiome . Pathogenesis . Mucosal sites
Introduction The human microbiome includes the extensive communities of microbes living symbiotically throughout the skin and mucosal sites of each individual. Advances in technologies over the past several decades have advanced our ability to better understand the beneficial as well as deleterious effects of the microbiome on human health and disease. It is now well established that the microbiome can directly and indirectly influence an individual’s immune system development and function. Microbes can directly influence proper development of the innate and adaptive immune system, the balance of Th17+ and T regulatory cells, and the development of This article is part of the Topical Collection on Rheumatoid Arthritis * M. Kristen Demoruelle [email protected] Timothy M. Wilson [email protected] Brandon Trent [email protected] Kristine A. Kuhn [email protected] 1
Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Denver, 1775 Aurora Court, Mail Stop B-115, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
secondary lymphoid structures [1–3]. In addition, metabolites generated by microbiota can affect mucosal immune cell function and epithelial barrier integrity [4]. Certain alterations of the human microbiome can also lead to the development of inflammation, activation of autoreactive T and B cells, and molecular mimicry (i.e., cross-reactivity of a microbial and human protein) [5]. As such, effects of the microbiome have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). An important feature in the development of RA is that it develops in multiple phases, including a pre-clinical ph
Data Loading...
