Microbiological assessment of an urban lagoon system in the coastal zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Microbiological assessment of an urban lagoon system in the coastal zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Lorena da Graça Pedrosa de Macena 1 & Renato Castiglia Feitosa 2 & Carmen Baur Vieira 3 & Irene Trigueiros Araújo 1 & Mami Taniuchi 4 & Marize Pereira Miagostovich 1 Received: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study aims to assess microbiological contamination using a molecular tool for detection of multiple enteropathogens in a coastal ecosystem area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ten litres of superficial water samples were obtained during the spring ebb tide from sampling sites along the Jacarepaguá watershed. Samples were concentrated using skimmed milk flocculation method for TaqMan array card (TAC), designed to identify 35 enteric pathogens simultaneously, and single TaqMan qPCR analysis for detecting human adenovirus (HAdV) and JC human polyomavirus (JCPyV) as faecal indicator viruses (FIV). TAC results identified 17 enteric pathogens including 4/5 viral species investigated, 8/15 bacteria, 4/6 protozoa and 1/7 helminths. Escherichia coli concentration was also measured as faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) using Colilert Quanti-Tray System with positivity in all samples studied. HAdV and JCPyV qPCR were detected in 8 and 4 samples, respectively, with concentration ranging from 8 × 102 to 2 × 106 genome copies/L. Partial nucleotide sequencing demonstrated the occurrence of species HAdV A, C, D, and F, present in faeces of individuals with enteric and non-enteric infections, and JCPyV type 3 (Af2), prevalent in a high genetically mixed population like the Brazilian. The diversity of enteropathogens detected by TAC emphasizes the utility of this methodology for quick assessment of microbiological contamination of the aquatic ecosystems, speeding up mitigation actions where the risk of the exposed population is detected, as well as pointing out the infrastructure gaps in areas where accelerated urban growth is observed. Keywords TaqMan array card . Enteropathogens . Faecal indicators viruses . Faecal indicators bacteria . Coastal urban ecosystems . Watershed . Brazil
Introduction One of the main challenges of public and environmental health is the proper assessment of basic sanitation
(Lukkumanul Hakkim 2019; Zhou et al. 2018). According to World Health Organization, 67% of the world population do not have access to sewage collection and treatment services. Urbanization in developing countries still presents basic
Responsible editor: Robert Duran Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10479-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lorena da Graça Pedrosa de Macena [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Helio e Peggy Pereira Pavilion, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
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