Microbiology testing and antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections in general practice: a nationwide observation
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Microbiology testing and antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections in general practice: a nationwide observational study Zhuoxin Peng1 · Andrew Hayen2 · John Hall1 · Bette Liu1 Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Routine urine testing is recommended prior to antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections (UTIs) among highrisk groups for complicated UTIs. This study aims to examine whether the proportion of UTI encounters where antibiotics are prescribed that have accompanying urine testing differs by patient groups. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using records of general practice encounters for UTIs occurring between January 2013 and July 2018 in an Australian national database. We calculated the proportion of UTI encounters with antibiotics prescribed that had accompanying urine microbiology testing and the odds ratios for the likelihood of testing by patient groups using generalised estimating equations. Results Of 132,688 UTI encounters with antibiotics prescribed, 95,800 (72.2%) were accompanied by urine testing. Among high-risk groups for complicated UTIs and expected to have a high likelihood of testing, we found pregnant women [82.6% vs. non-pregnant 72.3%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.82, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.55–2.12] and children aged 5–9 years (77.6% vs. 20–44 years 72.0%, aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.22–1.45) had relatively high odds of testing. However, children aged
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