Microfacies analysis, diagenetic overprints, geochemistry, and reservoir quality of the Jurassic Samanasuk Formation at
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Microfacies analysis, diagenetic overprints, geochemistry, and reservoir quality of the Jurassic Samanasuk Formation at the Kahi Section, Nizampur Basin, NW Himalayas, Pakistan Emad ullah Khan1,3 · Maryam Saleem2,3 · Abbas Ali Naseem3 · Waqar Ahmad4 · Muhammad Yaseen1 · Tehseen Ullah Khan2 Accepted: 10 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In Pakistan, carbonate rocks of Jurassic age are present entirely throughout the Indus Basin. The Jurassic carbonate rocks present in the Attock-Cherat requires a more detailed investigation as of recent discovery of gas in Jurassic carbonate rocks in the lower Indus basin. The evaluation of these Jurassic carbonate units in the Nizampur Basin of Attock-Cherat ranges should integrate the aspects of the depositional sediments, diagenetic history, and geochemistry to understand the reservoir behavior. In this study, the Samanasuk Formation of 90 m was sampled and measured in detail, and samples were collected with ~ 0.3 m interval and some samples were collected where reckoned necessary. Petrographic and microfacies analysis were conducted on about 100 samples; moreover, XRD analysis were performed. The present study aims to determine the depositional facies, diagenetic processes, and geochemical elements of this carbonate succession of the in an effort to explore their effect on reservoir quality. The Samanasuk Formation comprises eight microfacies assigning three facies belts including peritidal, lagoon, and shoal of a carbonate ramp. The recorded diagenetic processes include dolomitization, compaction, micritization, neomorphism, dissolution, and cementation in which dolomitization played an important role in enhancing the reservoir quality. In relation of their impacts on reservoir properties, the grainstone facies associated with peritidal facies and dolomudstone facie associated with carbonate sand and shoal shows the greatest reservoir quality, whereas lagoonal facies has the lowest reservoir quality. This study represents an approach to use the depositional facies, diagenetic alterations, and geochemical framework of carbonate succession in the reservoir characterization. Keywords Microfacies · Dolomudstone · Dolomitization · Lagoon
Introduction
* Emad ullah Khan [email protected] Abbas Ali Naseem [email protected] 1
Department of Geology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
2
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
3
Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
4
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Large portion of hydrocarbon fields are present in carbonate rocks. These carbonate reservoirs contain more than 60% of the global oil and 40% of its gas storage. The correct understanding of the distribution of the reservoir quality is of paramount importance both during production and to foresee the reservoir characteristics during explor
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