Microfluidic and Nanomaterial Approach for Virology
Viral infectious diseases can erupt rapidly and are capable of causing massive health issues. Recent evidence on their high specificity over host species and cell type have fueled research into decoding host–viral interaction. The conventional approach re
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Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Understanding of Host–Viral Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How Do Hosts Respond to Intruders and What Is Viral Feedback? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Microfluidic Technique in the Field of Virology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flow-Based Channel Microfluidics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Droplet-Based Microfluidics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electric Field-Based Digital Microfluidics (DMF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Microfluidic and Nanoparticle-Based Diagnostic Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper-Based Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gold Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Microfluidics for Host–Viral Interaction Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Future Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract
Viral infectious diseases can erupt rapidly and are capable of causing massive health issues. Recent evidence on their high specificity over host species and cell type have fueled research into decoding host–viral interaction. The conventional approach relies on cell culturing-plate and multiwell plate-based analysis, which not only utilizes a large amount of reagents but are also population biased and gives ensemble measurement of biological assay. The animal model does not perfectly recapitulate human disease nor do they provide a point of care analysis. Studying the direct interaction between the virus and the host cell remain challenging. The researcher, therefore, has addressed these challenges using a microfluidic device, which promises high-throughput analysis, analysis at the singlecell level, an
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