Microstructural and Texture Development in Two Austenitic Steels with High-Manganese Content
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INTRODUCTION
MODERN automobile design involves consideration of various factors such as low vehicle weight, safety, strength-to-weight ratio, stability, stiffness, environmental norms, etc., Over time, all these have led to the development of various advanced high-strength steels. Among these steel grades, high-manganese austenitic steels are considered potential candidates for manufacturing the components that require superior crash resistance. A very important characteristic of this family of steels is their stable austenitic structure at room temperature. The twinning mode of deformation results in excellent work-hardening property, leading to a combination of high strength and ductility.[1,2] The phase stability and deformation behavior of highmanganese TWIP steels have been of special interest to the material scientists and engineers. Various studies have been conducted so far with many steel compositions.[1–7] It is now known that a higher manganese content (more than 20 pct) is responsible for twin-induced plasticity (TWIP) effect, while a lower manganese content (around 15 pct) leads to transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect.[2] The phase stabilities of these alloys depend
BASUDEV BHATTACHARYA, Principal Scientist, is with the R&D Division, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831001, India. Contact e-mail: [email protected] RANJIT KUMAR RAY, formerly Visiting Scientist with R&D Division, Tata Steel Limited, is now Visiting Professor with M.N. Dastur Centre for Materials Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India. TORBEN LEFFERS, is with the Center for Fundamental Research: Metal Structures in 4D, Materials Research Division, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Manuscript submitted April 12, 2014. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
exclusively on chemical composition. In one of the studies,[8] the present authors have examined the microstructural changes and mechanical properties of two high-manganese alloys, and found that a combination of 0.52 pctC (medium carbon) and ~30 pct manganese resulted into a stable austenite phase at room temperature, while a combination of 0.05 pctC (low carbon) and ~26 pct manganese actually produced a two-phase material, one of these being a highly brittle DO3 phase. A considerable amount of effort has also gone into the study of deformation behavior and texture of TWIP steels.[3,6,9–23] However, not much information is available till date on the subject of rolling texture development in these steels. Vercammen et al.[3] carried out a comprehensive study on the cold rolling behavior of an ultra low-carbon TWIP steel composition with 29.4 pct Mn, and they reported about the development of brasstype texture at fairly low level of deformation. Barbier et al.[21] studied the tensile behavior along with the deformation texture, and their findings suggested that the presence of Goss and copper orientations were responsible for the
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