Microstructural and thermal response evolution of metallic form-stable phase change materials produced from ball-milled
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Microstructural and thermal response evolution of metallic form‑stable phase change materials produced from ball‑milled powders Chiara Confalonieri1 · Paola Bassani2 · Elisabetta Gariboldi1 Received: 31 July 2019 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Phase change materials (PCMs) can store and release the latent heat associated with a phase transition, so they can be applied in thermal energy management and storage systems. Among them, form-stable (FS) PCMs can consist of two immiscible phases: an active phase, which undergoes the solid–liquid transition, and a matrix, which provides the structural properties and prevents leakage of the active phase when it is liquid. This experimental study focused on the characterization of a metallic FS-PCMs based on an Al–Sn alloy, obtained by powder metallurgy from ball-milled powders, compacted at room temperature and sintered at 200, 250 and 500 °C. The main properties that characterize PCMs are the temperature range over which transition occurs and the associated enthalpy, i.e. the stored energy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is one of the more suitable characterization techniques to evaluate these properties and so the thermal response of PCMs. To check thermal response and its stability, DSC tests including several thermal cycles were conducted. DSC analyses were performed also before and after several thermal cycles simulating possible operative conditions. Moreover, microstructural analysis, through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, allowed to relate the thermal response variations to microstructural and mechanical changes. Keywords Metallic phase change materials · Form-stable · Thermal stability · DSC · Ball milling
Introduction Phase change materials (PCMs) for energetic applications are materials which can store the heat associated with a phase transition and release it when the transition is reversed [1]. Thermal energy storage and management are becoming more and more critical issues in many domestic and industrial applications, especially to minimize and mitigate the environmental impact of energy consumption [1, 2]. In this perspective, PCMs can play a significant role and indeed they have been studied and applied in many different sectors: buildings, solar thermal storage systems, solar energy
* Chiara Confalonieri [email protected] 1
Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Meccanica, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milan, Italy
Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy CNR‑ICMATE, National Research Council of Italy, Via Previati 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy
2
(e.g. solar panels, concentrating solar thermal technologies), heat pumps, electronic devices, smart textiles, biomaterials and biomedical applications, automotive applications, space applications, food industry [1, 3–5]. In the selection of PCMs for heat storage applications, the most important thermo-physical properties are the transition temperature and the heat of fusion [1, 4, 6]. So far, research foc
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