Microstructural Variations Across a Dissimilar 316L Austenitic: 9Cr Reduced Activation Ferritic Martensitic Steel Weld J
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REDUCED activation ferritic martensitic (RAFM) steel is the primary candidate material for fabrication of test blanket module (TBM) in the ITER, while the vacuum vessels and several other components are made of SS316L (N) austenitic steel. Hence, dissimilar weld joint between RAFM and austenitic stainless steel (SS) is inevitable for fabrication of the structures in the fusion reactor.[1] Preparation of dissimilar weld joints between ferritic and austenitic steel is very challenging because of differences in structural, chemical and mechanical properties of the base metals. Dissimilar joints of ferritic and austenitic steel are fabricated by conventional arc welding technique using Ni-based welding consumables (Inconel 82/182) to ensure a desirable weld metal microstructure.[2] However, for V. THOMAS PAUL, Ph.D. Scholar, Scientific Officer F, is with the Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu 603 102, India, and also with the Homi Bhabha National Institute, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, India. T. KARTHIKEYAN, Scientific Officer F, ARUP DASGUPTA, Scientific Officer G, C. SUDHA, Scientific Officer F, R.N. HAJRA, Scientific Officer D, and S.K. ALBERT, Head, Materials Technology Division, are with the Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research. S. SAROJA, Professor, Head, Microscopy & Thermo-physical Property Division, is with the Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, and also with the Homi Bhabha National Institute, IGCAR. Contact e-mail: [email protected] T. JAYAKUMAR, Visiting Professor, is with the National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India. Manuscript submitted June 23, 2015. Article published online December 28, 2015 METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
the construction of TBM, irradiation embrittlement is of serious concern due to which a joining process that would result in minimum volume of weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) needs to be employed. Such a process will also meet the requirement of minimum distortion. Though diffusion welding offers superior technical benefits over many other techniques in the preparation of dissimilar joints, it is a very time-consuming process and more so for thick sections. In recent times, great interest has been shown in electron beam welding (EBW) for joining of dissimilar metals due to various reasons such as rapid development in EBW technique, high quality, and economic benefits offered by the EBW.[3] Even though EBW process was restricted to be carried out in high vacuum atmospheres at the beginning of commercializing its application, later, systems were developed which could perform the welding in non-vacuum environment. This has widened the range of industrial applications of the technique. The EB welding produces a narrow fusion zone, low residual stresses, and distortions due to high energy density. Considering these facts, EBW has been deployed for the fabrication of dissimilar joints between RAFM and SS316L or LN steels. Welding of dissimilar metals is more
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