Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of MnO 2 /Pb Nanocomposite
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JMEPEG https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04052-9
Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of MnO2/Pb Nanocomposite Maryam Karbasi, Eskandar Keshavarz Alamdari, Elahe Amirkhani Dehkordi, and Fariborz Tavangarian (Submitted February 5, 2018; in revised form February 24, 2019) MnO2/Pb nanocomposite was produced by solid-state accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) technique. Composites with different amounts of MnO2 were synthesized with the highest probable ARB cycles. The mechanical properties of composites were studied by tensile, microhardness and shear punch tests. It was observed that yield stress, tensile stress and elongation were improved by increasing the ARB cycles. On the other hand, increasing the amount of MnO2 up to 0.5 wt.% improved the mechanical properties of the composites. Tensile tests results revealed that the maximum tensile strength could be achieved in the composite containing 0.5 wt.% MnO2 after 10 passes (up to 4.35 times higher than control sample, Pb-10 pass). In comparison with Pb-10 pass, the hardness of 0.5 wt.% MnO2/Pb nanocomposite was enhanced up to 7.5 times after 10 ARB passes. ARB process led to a proper distribution of MnO2 particles in Pb matrix with the mean size of less than 30 nm. Keywords
accumulative roll bonding, lead, manganese dioxide, nanocomposite
1. Introduction Electrowinning is an electrolysis-based method for the extraction of active metals such as zinc and copper (Ref 1-6). Sulfuric acid-based electrolytes, aluminum cathodes and lead anodes are usually used in electrowinning industrial processes (Ref 7, 8). In spite of good electrochemical characteristics of lead anodes, poor mechanical properties could lead to a high maintenance cost and a lower product quality. For this reason, to improve the mechanical properties of lead, several methods have been proposed, such as alloying (Ref 9), coating (Ref 7, 10) and compositing (Ref 2, 3, 8). Alloying has some drawbacks including the high cost of alloying elements (Ref 3, 5), the high difference between the melting point of two substances (Ref 11) and alloying elements profusion during the casting process (Ref 11), as well as complicated and high-cost compositing techniques (Ref 5). MnO2 has been used by many researchers because of its low cost, high conductivity (Ref 5, 12) and electrocatalyst behavior (Ref 5, 12-16) to produce various composites such as 3D silicon-diatom@MnO2 electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors (Ref 17). Corrosion behaviors of Pb/Pb-MnO2 anodes have been investigated by Li et al. (Ref 10). They observed that the behavior of Pb/Pb-MnO2 anodes fabricated
Maryam Karbasi and Elahe Amirkhani Dehkordi, Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Eskandar Keshavarz Alamdari, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; and Fariborz Tavangarian, Mechanical Engineering Program, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17
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