Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Clad and Post-cladding Tempered AISI H13 Tool Steel
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INTRODUCTION
HOT working AISI H13 tool steel (with 5 pct Cr) is the most common die material used in metal forming and casting industries. Dies are prone to damage, premature failure, and rejection due to high temperature, pressure, or combinations thereof leading to thermo-mechanical fatigue, high temperature erosion (due to high speed flow of molten metal), and wear.[1,2] Processes based on fusion welding i.e., tungsten inert gas welding, metal inert gas welding, plasma arc welding, and laser beam welding is frequently adopted for
GURURAJ TELASANG, Scientist, is with the Center for Laser Processing of Materials (CLPM), Hyderabad, India, and also with the International Advanced Research Center (ARCI) for Powder Metallurgy & New Materials, Hyderabad 500005, AP, India. JYOTSNA DUTTA MAJUMDAR, Professor, is with the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, WB, India. NITIN WASEKAR, Scientist, and G. PADMANABHAM, Associate Director, are with the International Advanced Research Center (ARCI) for Powder Metallurgy & New Materials. INDRANIL MANNA, Professor, is with the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, and also Professor and Director with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, UP, India. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Article noteManuscript submitted April 25, 2014. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
deposition of hard and wear-resistant overlays for rebuilding or refurbishing worn or cracked surfaces and/or modifying the shape of existing tools.[2–6] Laser, as a non-contact and high energy density source of heating, may be applied for material deposition or repairing of tools by melting incoming stream of powder, wire, rod, or strip and subsequently applying the molten materials on to the target layer by layer.[7] This laser-assisted manufacturing process is called laser cladding.[7,8] In order to obtain the desired characteristics (dimension, microstructure, composition integrity, and property) of laser cladding, optimization of laser parameters is essential to ensure precision repairing of the damaged part and achieving a defect-free microstructure with minimum residual stress and nearequivalent/improved properties of the clad zone as compared to that of the base substrate. In the past, laser cladding was successfully applied to deposit highperformance material or the same material to redeem high-value part damaged due to machining errors and to refurbish original geometries of a damaged part of highvalue component.[8,9] Laser cladding provides the localized and controlled heat input and reduces scope of distortion or cracking during material deposition.[8,10–13] Cost et al.[10] and Borrego et al.[14] studied Nd-YAG laser-assisted welding of AISI H13 tool steel (having base hardness of 550 HV) with Fe-based filler wire (0.15 pct C, 12 pct Cr, 7 pct Ni, balance Fe) and obtained a low hardness (250 HV) clad layer with an i
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