Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Zamak 3 Alloy Subjected to Sliding Friction Treatment
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INTRODUCTION
ZN alloys are known to have great application potential in industries owing to their relatively low melting point, good corrosion resistance, and environmental friendliness.[1–3] As a family of Zn alloys, Zamak alloys, with a eutectic composition range of Zn–Al binary alloys, have good fluidity and formability in casting process. Therefore, Zamak alloys have been widely used in engineering applications, such as in the small components and plane bearings of automotive vehicles.[4,5] Among Zamak alloys, the Zamak 3 alloy is considered a reference standard and has been widely used. However, the low strength of the Zamak 3 alloy leads to a high wear rate (i.e., poor wear resistance), which restricts its application in many fields. As such, it is of importance to enhance its strength. Because of the well-known tradeoff between strength and ductility, severe plastic deformation (SPD), such as equal-channel angular pressing, high-pressure torsion, and
WEI ZHANG, YAN DU, WANGTU HUO, JINWEN LU, XI ZHAO, and YUSHENG ZHANG are with the Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi’an 710016, China.JIANGJIANG HU is with the College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. LAI-CHANG ZHANG is with the Schoolof Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia. YUSHENG ZHANG is with the Northwest Institute for NonferrousMetal Research and also with the Xi’an Rare Metal Materials Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an, China. Contact email: [email protected], [email protected] Manuscript submitted December 27, 2018. Article published online September 30, 2019 5888—VOLUME 50A, DECEMBER 2019
accumulative roll bonding, can significantly improve metal strength but remarkably deteriorate their ductility.[6–10] Nevertheless, continuous endeavors are made to achieve a good balance between strength and ductility (i.e., strength-ductility synergy). In recent years, the technologies that impart a gradient structure, such as surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT), surface mechanical grinding treatment (SMGT), and sliding friction treatment (SFT), have been proposed[11–13]; by these technologies, the treated materials could achieve a desirable strength–ductility synergy.[14] For example, the strength of SMGT Cu can be doubled without compromising its ductility, and the strength of SMAT interstitial-free steel can be increased by 1.5 times with acceptable elongation.[15,16] These fabrication technologies provide an excellent solution for a good balance between strength and ductility in certain metals. However, their influences on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Zn alloys have not been evaluated. In addition, two conflicting mechanisms (strain hardening and deformation softening) have been proposed in different studies; the two mechanisms are still disputed among academia[4,17,18] and further study is required. As such, this work was designated to understand the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical proper
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