Microstructure and tensile strength of aluminum/stainless steel joint welded by inertia friction and continuous drive fr
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RESEARCH PAPER
Microstructure and tensile strength of aluminum/stainless steel joint welded by inertia friction and continuous drive friction Yong Liu 1,2 & Haiyan Zhao 1 & Yun Peng 2 & Xiaofei Ma 3 Received: 11 February 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 # International Institute of Welding 2020
Abstract Microstructure and mechanical properties of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy/304 stainless steel (Al/steel) joints welded by inertia friction (IFW) and continuous drive friction (CDFW) were studied comparatively. Morphology, microstructure, interfacial composition, and mechanical properties of Al/steel joints were investigated. Results showed that an intermetallic compound (IMC) reaction layer was formed at the welding interface in the CDFWed joint, and wider and clearer than that of the IFWed joint. The high concentration Si was observed at the welding interface. The grain of fully dynamic recrystallized zone (FDRZ) was below 0.1 μm in both joints, and the average width of FDRZ in the IFWed joint and CDFWed joint was about 5 μm and 2 μm, respectively. FDRZ had the high hardness, and the hardness value of IFWed joint was higher than that of CDFWed joint. The maximum tensile strength of IFWed joint was higher than that of CDFWed joint, and the reason should be related to the thickness of IMC at the welding interface. Keywords Inertia friction welding . Continuous drive friction welding . Dissimilar joint . Microstructure . Tensile strength
1 Introduction Aluminum alloy/stainless steel dissimilar joints can combine the advantage of both materials, and have been attracted by many industries. However, the welding of aluminum and steel is difficult due to the differences in chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of base metals [1–3]. Many welding methods are applied, but still subject to some restrictions:
Recommended for publication by Commission III - Resistance Welding, Solid State Welding, and Allied Joining Process * Yong Liu [email protected] * Haiyan Zhao [email protected] * Yun Peng [email protected] 1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2
China Iron & Steel Research Institute Group, Beijing 100081, China
3
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
the formation of thick and brittle intermetallic causes the degradation of mechanical properties. Friction welding is a kind of solid-state welding method with low heat input [4, 5]. Oxide films can be eliminated by the rubbing effect, and aluminum alloy will be welded with steel by the frictional heat to obtain good contact [6–8]. Heat generation in friction welding mainly depends on rotational speed and time. According to the energy supply, there are two methods: continuous drive friction welding (CDFW) and inertia friction welding (IFW) [9]. In CDFW, one part is attached to a rotating spindle and reaches to a constant rotation speed. In IFW, the rotating part is connected to a flywheel, and the rotating flywheel supplies the welding energy [10]. Previou
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