Microstructure and Texture in Steels and Other Materials

Microstructure and Texture in Steels and Other Materials comprises a collection of articles pertaining to experimental and theoretical aspects of the evolution of crystallographic texture and microstructure during processing of steels and some other mater

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Arunansu Haldar • Satyam Suwas Debashish Bhattacharjee Editors

Proceedings of the International Conference on

Microstructure and Texture in Steels and Other Materials February 5–7, 2008, Jamshedpur, India

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Editors Arunansu Haldar, Dr. Tata Steel Ltd. Jamshedpur-831001 India [email protected]

Debashish Bhattacharjee, Dr. Tata Steel Ltd. Jamshedpur-831001 India [email protected]

Satyam Suwas, Asst. Prof. Indian Institute of Science Department of Materials Engineering Bangalore-560012 India [email protected]

ISBN 978-1-84882-453-9 e-ISBN 978-1-84882-454-6 DOI 10.1007/978-1-84882-454-6 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2009931372 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2009 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: eStudioCalamar, Figueres/Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Department of Mining & Materials Engineering McGill University M.H. Wong Building 3610 University Street Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2

Professor John J. Jonas, OC, CQ, FRSC Birks Professor of Metallurgy Emeritus Tel: (514) 398-1649 Fax: (514) 398-4492 e-mail: [email protected]

Foreword I am sometimes asked, when presenting a paper on “Recent advances in steel processing”, whether, after a century and a half of research on steels, there is anything left to discover. “Hasn’t everything there is to know been determined by now?” they say. My usual answer is to quote Albert Einstein’s reply on such occasions. This great scientist would simply say: “When the radius of knowledge expands, so does the circumference of ignorance”. In fact, because of the linear relationship between radius and circumference, he was actually understating the extent to which the boundary between the ‘known’ and the ‘unknown’ expands with the progress of science. Perhaps he should have used the radius of a sphere to typify what is known or even that of a 4- o