Microstructure, dielectric properties, relaxation behavior, and ferroelectric properties of Gd-doped lead-free BZT ceram
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Microstructure, dielectric properties, relaxation behavior, and ferroelectric properties of Gd-doped leadfree BZT ceramics by sol–gel process Kaibiao Xi1, Yuanliang Li1,* Yueshan Mi1 1
, Zhanshen Zheng1, Lifang Zhang1, Yun Liu1, and
Key Laboratory of Environment Functional Materials of Tangshan City, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China
Received: 24 September 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 4 November 2020
In this work, Gd2O3-doped BZT ceramics were prepared by the sol–gel method. Microstructure, dielectric properties, relaxation behavior, and ferroelectric properties were investigated. The grain size changed significantly with the increase of doping content. When the doping content x = 0.9, the system demonstrated excellent dielectric properties (er = 7788, tan d = 0.021)., and the dielectric constant remained stable in the high frequency range. As the doping content increased, the relaxation behavior of the system enhanced due to the lattice distortion and the generation of oxygen vacancies. In addition, when x = 0.9, the system had excellent ferroelectricity (Pr = 8.84 lm/cm3, Ec= 2.35 kV/cm), because of the domain inversion and the movement of the domain wall. It is believed that the system with enhanced dielectric properties and piezoelectric properties may be a suitable candidate to replace the leadbased materials.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction Piezoelectric ceramics are a class of electronic ceramic materials with piezoelectric properties [1]. At the present, the most widely used piezoelectric ceramics are PZT lead-based materials [2]. However, the lead in PZT can cause serious harm to human health and the ecological environment, so various countries have formulated relevant laws and policies to restrict its
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04832-3
use [3–7]. Therefore, it is urgent to find a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic to replace PZT. The barium zirconate titanate (BZT) ceramics have excellent dielectric properties, ferroelectric properties, and relaxation properties, which are considered to be one of the materials that can replace PZT [8–10]. With the development of science and technology, the demand for BZT ceramic components is increasing and they need to be developed toward the direction of high-storage energy, light weight, small volume,
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
and low cost [11]. Recently, the main methods to improve its performance include improving the preparation method and doping with different ions for substitution [12]. Some advanced preparation techniques (such as hot pressing sintering technology, isostatic pressing sintering technology, and laser sintering technology) can improve the compactness of the sample, thereby improving its electrical properties [13]. However, the costs of these technologies are relatively hig
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