Microstructure, Mechanical, and Scratch Resistance Properties of TiAlCrNbN-Graded Composite Coating Deposited on AISI H1
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HOT work steels are widely used in the manufacture industry for many applications such as casting dies, extrusion tools, and steel forging. Among the hot work steels, AISI H13 steel is one of the most preferred die materials used in aluminum extrusion die industry due to its favorable properties such as high strength, ductility, resistance to thermal, and mechanical stress.[1–3] Wear life of bearing surface of extrusion dies has an important technological and economic importance, since it affects the tolerance and surface quality of extrudate and increases manufacturing cost and determines the service life of dies.[2,4] Enormous affords have been conducted to improve surface quality and to increase service life of dies. Heat treatment and nitriding are two of conventional surface treatments to improve the service life of dies.[5] More and more, the concept of apply coating has gained considerable attention over the last decades, and with the help of technological advances in vacuum deposition technology to coat the surface of dies have become more versatile method.
LEVENT KARA, Research Assistant, is with the Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. Contact e-mail: [email protected] TEVFIK KU¨C¸U¨KO¨MEROG˘LU, Associate Professor, is with the Mechanical Engineering Department, Karadeniz Technical University. O¨ZLEM BARAN, Assistant Professor, is with the Mechanical Engineering Department, Erzincan University, _ Erzincan, Turkey. IHSAN EFEOG˘LU, Professor, is with the Mechanical Engineering Department, Atatu¨rk University, Erzurum, Turkey. KENJI YAMAMOTO, Senior Researcher, is with the Materials Research Laboratory, Kobe Steel Ltd., Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. Manuscript submitted August 1, 2013. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
There are a lot of vacuum deposition methods such as thermal reactive deposition,[6] plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition,[7] pulsed laser deposition,[8] magnetron sputtering[9] are used to apply coatings on the surface of dies. Among the different deposition methods, magnetron sputtering is one of the most successful and versatile technology for the high-rate deposition of metal, alloy, and ceramic coatings to control microstructure, surface morphology, and phase composition.[10–13] With the help of these deposition methods, a lot of coatings have been developed to enhance service life of die surfaces. Especially transition-metal nitrides have been successfully used as wear resistant coatings in many industrial applications due to their considerable mechanical, electrical, chemical, and other good properties. Titanium nitride (TiN) is one of the most well-known and has been investigated extensively.[14] Nevertheless, there are still some weaknesses including hardness, adhesion, friction, and oxidation resistance properties that reduce the application of it. Many elements such as Al, Cr, Yr, and Ta were added to form binary, ternary, and quaternary composites to enhance these weaknesses.[15–20] It was observed that incorporation of Al impr
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