Microstructure of Electrodeposited Nickel: Role of Additives
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JMEPEG https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05173-2
Microstructure of Electrodeposited Nickel: Role of Additives Mark K. King Jr. and Manoj K. Mahapatra (Submitted December 21, 2019; in revised form August 14, 2020; Accepted September 27, 2020) Micro–nanoscale surface microstructure of electrodeposited nickel on AISI 430 substrate from sulfamate bath with ionic and nonionic additives was investigated. 0.69 3 1024-2.08 3 1024 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 0.5-4.0 M sodium chloride (NaCl) were used as ionic additives. 0.5-4.0 M ethanol and 1-propanol were used as nonionic additives. Ethanol, propanol, and NaCl promote evolution of nickel micro–nanocones/pyramids. Concentration of these additives, especially NaCl, plays a significant role to modify nickel microstructure. Adhesion of deposited nickel with the substrate, determined by crosscut tape test, is excellent for SDS, ethanol, and propanol additive regardless of their concentration. NaCl degrades the adhesion resulting 100% removal of deposited nickel for 4.0M additive in sulfamate bath. Nickel coating without additive and 1.39 3 1024 M SDS additive corrode at the same rate (1.08 3 1022 mm/year), while the other additives increase the corrosion rate. Keywords
additives, corrosion, cyclic voltammetry, electrodeposition, microstructure, nickel, sulfamate bath
1. Introduction Electrochemical deposition, an economical and environment friendly low-temperature processing method, is gaining renewed interest for corrosion prevention, functional coatings for electronics, energy conversion and storage systems, biomedical applications, and joining of metallic and ceramic components (Ref 1-9). Electrodeposited nickel and nickel alloys are used for decorative purposes, corrosion prevention and wear resistance, and functional property modifications. The quality of the nickel coating depends on the composition, pH, and temperature of the electrolyte bath, surface characteristics of the substrate (working electrode), distance between the working electrode
This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 11th International Symposium on Green and Sustainable Technologies for Materials Manufacturing and Processing, held during Materials Science & Technology (MS&T19), September 29-October 3, 2019, in Portland, OR, and has been expanded from the original presentation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05173-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Mark K. King Jr. and Manoj K. Mahapatra have equal contribution to this work. Mark K. King Jr. and Manoj K. Mahapatra, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. Contact e-mail: [email protected].
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
and counter electrode, deposition current density/voltage, and throwing power. Two electrolyte baths, Watts and sulfamate, are common for electrodeposition of nickel. Sulfamate nickel coating is preferred for
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