Microwave assisted synthesis and spectroscopic characterisation of diphenyl carbonate functionalised nanoporous starch
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Microwave assisted synthesis and spectroscopic characterisation of diphenyl carbonate functionalised nanoporous starch Yajnadutta Swain1 · Sushanta Kumar Badamali1 Received: 13 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 / Published online: 28 September 2020 © The Polymer Society, Taipei 2020
Abstract The functionalisation of potato starch using a greener and biologically important molecule, i.e., diphenyl carbonate under microwave irradiation to obtain nanoporous diphenyl carbonate/starch composites is demonstrated. A series of spectroscopic techniques were used to investigate the bonding between diphenyl carbonate and starch, along with morphology and nature of modified starch. The regular surface of pristine starch was noticeably modified to a porous structure as evidenced by FESEM and TEM. Both 1H and 13C NMR studies revealed that the features of diphenyl carbonate were retained in modified starch. The line widths of 13C NMR signals were enhanced by 190 − 360 Hz referring to the crystalline nature of the modified form. FT IR studies showed bands at 1641 and 1774 c m−1 which confirms the linkage of diphenyl carbonate with starch. FT IR studies supported a substantial removal of hydrogen bonding from the native starch surface after phenylation, referring to hydrophobic nature of modified starch. The shift of band position from 867 to 854 cm − 1 in Raman studies is attributed to the C—C—H or C—O—C bending linkage of carbon to diphenyl carbonate. The X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric studies further supported the rigid and porous structure of modified starch. These modified starch possessing open structures is envisaged to act as a host materials for adsorption of hydropbobic molecules. Keywords Porous starch · Microwave · Diphenyl carbonate · Spectroscopic characterisation
Introduction Bio-resources are increasingly gaining attention as they appear to be a viable alternative towards attaining a sustainable future. Various plant based biopolymers such as starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin possess enormous potential as renewable resources and provide ample scope of application in diversified areas of science and technology. Among these biopolymers, starch is the most abundant on earth after cellulose and in integral part of plant system. It is an odourless, tasteless and white material occurs invariably in plant tissues and chiefly obtained from cereals (40—90%), tubers (65—85%), legumes (25—50%) and some fruits like bananas, mangos, which contain approximately 70% of starch by dry weight [2], in particular, it’s predominantly available in potatoes. Chemically it is a polysaccharide, comprising two types of molecules, i.e. typically amylose * Sushanta Kumar Badamali [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
(15—30%) and amylopectin (70—85%), having of α-Dglucose unit the 4C1-conformation [1]. In amylose these are linked (1 → 4) with the ring oxygen atoms all on the same side, whereas in amylopectin abo
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