Microwave-assisted synthesis of Cr 3 C 2 @C core shell structure anchored on hierarchical porous carbon foam for enhance
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of Cr3C2@C core shell structure anchored on hierarchical porous carbon foam for enhanced polysulfide adsorption in Li-S batteries Xierong Zeng1 (), Jianxin Tu2, Shuangshuang Chen3, Shaozhong Zeng4, Qi Zhang5, Jizhao Zou1, and Kezhi Li2 () Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of ceramics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Carbon/Carbon Composites Research Center, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243002, China 4 College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China 5 BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain 1
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Received: 18 September 2020 / Revised: 25 October 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020
ABSTRACT In this paper, we use microwave reduction strategy to synthesize a new bi-functional sulfur host material at the service of cathode substrate for lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), the composite is made of hierarchical porous carbon foam supported carbon-encapsulated chromium carbide nano-particles (Cr3C2@C/HPCF), in which the well-distributed conductive Cr3C2 nano-particles can act as powerful chemical adsorbent and are effective in restraining the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Test results show that the Cr3C2@C/HPCF based sulfur electrodes with 75 wt.% of sulfur exhibit a high initial discharging capacity of 1,321.1 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 C (3.5 mg·cm−2), and a reversible capacity can still maintain stability at 1,002.1 mAh·g−1 after 150 cycles. Even increasing the areal sulfur loading to 4 mg·cm−2, the electrodes can still deliver an initial discharging capacity of 948.0 mAh·g−1 at 0.5 C with ultra-slow capacity decay rate of 0.075% per cycle during 500 cycles. Furthermore, the adsorption energy between the Cr3C2 surface and LiPSs as well as theoretic analysis based on first-principles is also investigated.
KEYWORDS Cr3C2 nanoparticles, core shell structure, chemisorptions, microwave reduction, hierarchical porous carbon foam, Li-S batteries
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Introduction
Since the lithium ion batteries (LIBs) were commercialized by Sony Corporation in the 1990s, they have become one of the vital components of the modern lifestyle by enabling the rise of cordless electronic gadgets, electric/hybrid vehicles and more recently unmanned aerial vehicles (UVA) [1–3]. Meanwhile, with the rising world population, increasing energy demand, warming of the earth and the consequent climatic changes, there is significant emphasis today on moving toward more sustainable sources of energy (like solar, wind, tide, geothermal, etc.) [4]. But,
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