Microwave Circuits for 24 GHz Automotive Radar in Silicon-based Technologies
There are continuous efforts focussed on improving road traffic safety worldwide. Numerous vehicle safety features such as driver assistance systems have been invented. Many driver assistance features rely on radar-based sensors, but are highly-priced. Re
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Vadim Issakov
Microwave Circuits for 24 GHz Automotive Radar in Silicon-based Technologies
Vadim Issakov Infineon Technologies AG Am Campeon 1-12 85579 Neubiberg Germany [email protected] Title of the Dissertation EIM-E/267, University of Paderborn, Germany, 2010: Microwave Circuits for 24GHz Radar Front-End Applications in CMOS and Bipolar Technologies
ISBN 978-3-642-13597-2 e-ISBN 978-3-642-13598-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-13598-9 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010932572 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
There are continuous efforts focussed on improving road traffic safety worldwide. Numerous vehicle safety features have been invented and standardized over the past decades. Particularly interesting are the driver assistance systems, since these can considerably reduce the number of accidents by supporting drivers’ perception of their surroundings. Many driver assistance features rely on radar-based sensors. Nowadays the commercially available automotive front-end sensors are comprised of discrete components, thus making the radar modules highly-priced and suitable for integration only in premium class vehicles. Realization of low-cost radar frontend circuits would enable their implementation in inexpensive economy cars, considerably contributing to traffic safety. Cost reduction requires high-level integration of the microwave front-end circuitry, specifically analog and digital circuit blocks co-located on a single chip. Recent developments of silicon-based technologies, e.g. CMOS and SiGe:C bipolar, make them suitable for realization of microwave sensors. Additionally, these technologies offer the necessary integration capability. However, the required output power and temperature stability, necessary for automotive radar sensor products, have not yet been achieved in standard digital CMOS technologies. On the other hand, SiGe bipolar technology offers excellent high-frequency characteristics and necessary output power for automotive applications, but has lower potential
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