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Acute renal failure and peripheral neuropathy: case report A 49-year-old man with a diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) since 2002 received a 2-month course of oral miltefosine 50mg twice daily in March 2003. A relapse of VL in March 2007 again required miltefosine treatment at the same dosage. Six months later, acute renal failure developed, and miltefosine therapy was withdrawn. He subsequently progressed to chronic renal failure, requiring permanent haemodialysis. VL relapsed in January 2008, prompting initiation of a 3-week course of IV pentamidine 300 mg/day and fluconazole. Three weeks after starting treatment, he reported peripheral neuropathy and taste disorders, which resolved after stopping pentamidine. Rybniker J, et al. Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with intravenous pentamidine and oral fluconazole in an HIV-positive patient with chronic renal failure - a case report and brief review of the literature. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 14: e522-e525, No. 6, Jun 2010. Available from: URL: http:// 803025713 dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.06.010 - Germany

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