Mindfulness and Affect During Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Recurrent Depression: an Autoregressive Latent Tra
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Mindfulness and Affect During Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Recurrent Depression: an Autoregressive Latent Trajectory Analysis Marleen J. ter Avest 1,2 Philip Spinhoven 7,8
&
Corina U. Greven 3,4 & Marloes J. Huijbers 1 & Tom F. Wilderjans 5,6 & Anne E. M. Speckens 1,2 &
Published online: 7 August 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Objectives Gaining knowledge of dynamic processes of mechanisms underlying mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for recurrent depression could help to improve treatment efficacy. The current study examined the overall course and week-toweek associations of mindfulness and positive/negative affect during MBCT for recurrent depression. Methods Using data from the MOMENT study, 235 patients with recurrent depression in (partial) remission allocated to MBCT were included. Prior to each MBCT session, self-reports were obtained on mindfulness, positive affect, and negative affect. Results Autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) modeling revealed that, across the MBCT course, larger increases in mindfulness were associated with larger increases in positive affect (r = .80, p < .050). Higher general levels of negative affect were associated with smaller increases in mindfulness over time (r = −.26, p < .001). Week-to-week effects showed no reciprocal cross-lagged effects between mindfulness and positive affect or negative affect, except for positive affect at session 2 which was positively associated with mindfulness at session 3 (r = .11, p < .050). Conclusions The current study supports a positive association in strength of increase between mindfulness and positive affect, while higher general levels of negative affect might be associated with smaller increases of mindfulness during MBCT for recurrent depression. For future research, experience sampling methods (ESMs) are recommended to capture dynamics on a smaller time scale. ALT modeling techniques are advised to be better able to interpret the processes of stability and change during MBCT for recurrent depression. Keywords Major depressive disorder . Recurrent depression . Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy . MBCT . Mindfulness . Affect . Autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) modeling
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01453-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Marleen J. ter Avest [email protected] 1
Center for Mindfulness, Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
5
Methodology and Statistics Research Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Pieter de la Court Building, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
6
Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
2
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud Univ
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