Mineral Adsorbents and Characteristics
Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions has gotten considerable attention over the years by using adsorbents derived from low-cost materials, especially natural minerals. Treating the pollution of wastewater with the natural minerals, has advantage
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Abstract Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions has gotten considerable attention over the years by using adsorbents derived from low-cost materials, especially natural minerals. Treating the pollution of wastewater with the natural minerals, has advantages of wide sources of materials, cheap price, low energy consumption, the higher removal efficiency. This chapter introduces the latest research on the natural mineral adsorbents including montmorillonite, kaolinite, sepiolite, diatomite, vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, etc., which are classified as layered minerals, porous minerals and others according to the structural characteristics. The mineralogical characteristics of the mineral adsorbents including pore structure, specific surface area, morphology and ion-exchange property are presented and the effect of the mineral structure on the adsorption performance of the mineral adsorbents is discussed. The surface characterization technologies for determining surface chemical component, surface charge, surface areas, surface morphology and surface interaction are also presented.
Keywords Nature mineral adsorbents Structural characteristics minerals Porous minerals Characterization technology
Layered
1 Introduction There has been growing necessity to develop technologies for pollution control and environmental remediation, in consequence of the damage of pollution on the health and longevity of both human beings and the Earth’s fragile ecosystems. Y. Zhao (&) W. Wang H. Yi Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China e-mail: [email protected] Y. Zhao W. Wang H. Yi School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 S. Song and B. Li (eds.), Adsorption at Natural Minerals/Water Interfaces, Engineering Materials, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54451-5_1
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Treatment of wastewaters containing polluting species especially the heavy metal ions and organic pollutants become indispensable. Several methods such as chemical precipitation, coagulation–flocculation, flotation, ion-exchange, have been proposed for removal of contaminants from wastewaters. However, most of them become less effective and more expensive in situations involving high volumes and low concentrations. Moreover, these methods can also create sludge disposal problem. Adsorption is often considered as the best method to treat wastewater due to its universal character, inexpensiveness and easy to use. A good sorbent must be eco-friendly, cost-effective and industrially viable for a wide range of wastewater. But, traditional adsorbents such as activated carbon and ion exchange resins are high cost, preventing their use in industrial applications. The adsorption process using low cost natural minerals is an attractive option because of their efficient removal rate for contaminants at even trace lev
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