Mini-Grids for Rural Electrification of Developing Countries Analysi
In recognition of the fact that billions of people in the developing world do not have access to clean energies, the United Nations launched the Sustainable Energy for All Initiative to achieve universal energy access by 2030. Although electricity grid ex
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Subhes C. Bhattacharyya Debajit Palit Editors
Mini-Grids for Rural Electrification of Developing Countries Analysis and Case Studies from South Asia
Green Energy and Technology
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8059
Photo credits Debajit Palit
Subhes C. Bhattacharyya Debajit Palit •
Editors
Mini-Grids for Rural Electrification of Developing Countries Analysis and Case Studies from South Asia
123
Editors Subhes C. Bhattacharyya De Montfort University Leicester UK
Debajit Palit The Energy and Resources Institute New Delhi India
ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-04815-4 ISBN 978-3-319-04816-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-04816-1 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014939387 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
Globally, there are still 1.3 billion people who lack access to electricity. Over 85 % of the people without electricity access live in rural areas. More strikingly, almost 40 % of these people are from South Asia, especially Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. These numbers will not change substantially by the year 2030 unless new strategies and intensified efforts are made at the na
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