Mitochondrial donation in translational medicine; from imagination to reality
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Journal of Translational Medicine Open Access
REVIEW
Mitochondrial donation in translational medicine; from imagination to reality Hesam Saghaei Bagheri1,3, Farhad Bani2, Savas Tasoglu3,4, Amir Zarebkohan2, Reza Rahbarghazi5,6* and Emel Sokullu1,3*
Abstract The existence of active crosstalk between cells in a paracrine and juxtacrine manner dictates specific activity under physiological and pathological conditions. Upon juxtacrine interaction between the cells, various types of signaling molecules and organelles are regularly transmitted in response to changes in the microenvironment. To date, it has been well-established that numerous parallel cellular mechanisms participate in the mitochondrial transfer to modulate metabolic needs in the target cells. Since the conception of stem cells activity in the restoration of tissues’ function, it has been elucidated that these cells possess a unique capacity to deliver the mitochondrial package to the juxtaposed cells. The existence of mitochondrial donation potentiates the capacity of modulation in the distinct cells to achieve better therapeutic effects. This review article aims to scrutinize the current knowledge regarding the stem cell’s mitochondrial transfer capacity and their regenerative potential. Keywords: Stem cells, Mitochondrial transfer, Cellular mechanisms, Regenerative potential Background The discovery of stem cells has revolutionized human medicine and these cells are touted as a promising therapeutic modality in the alleviation of different injuries [1]. During past decades, several clinical trials using multiple stem cells, especially MSCs, provide alternative therapeutic approaches to replace injured cells with the functional cells [2]. Compared to other stem cells, MSCs are easily accessible from mesenchymal tissues and could be produced in large scales for point-of-care delivery [3]. Meanwhile, the bio-preservation of MSCs has minimal potency loss and karyotypic abnormalities compared to adult somatic cells and other stem cell types [4]. Due to the lack of comprehensive understanding related to MSCs mechanism of action, further investigations are *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 1 School of Medicine, Biophysics Department, Koç University, Rumeli Fener, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey 5 Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
highly demanded to address the quantity and quality of therapeutic effects driven by MSCs after transplantation into the target sites. Up to date, it has been shown that these cells accelerate the repair of injured areas via engaging different underlying activities such as differentiation into distinct cell lineage, the release of arrays of cytokines and growth factors, and the promotion of cellto-cell connection [5]. Rapid advances in the field of stem cell biology help us to discover very special restorative approaches used by stem cells to return
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