Mobile Augmented Reality Based Annotation System: A Cyber-Physical Human System
One goal of the Industry 4.0 initiative is to improve knowledge sharing among and within production sites. A fast and easy knowledge exchange can help to reduce costly down-times in factory environments. In the domain of automotive manufacturing, producti
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Department of Computer Science, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany {constantin.scheuermann,felix.meissgeier,bruegge}@in.tum.de 2 T-Systems International GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany [email protected]
Abstract. One goal of the Industry 4.0 initiative is to improve knowledge sharing among and within production sites. A fast and easy knowledge exchange can help to reduce costly down-times in factory environments. In the domain of automotive manufacturing, production line down-times cost in average about $1.3 million per hour. Saving seconds or minutes have a real business impact and the reduction of such downtime costs is of major interest. In this paper we describe MARBAS, a Mobile Augmented Reality based Annotation System, which supports production line experts during their maintenance tasks. We developed MARBAS as Cyber-Physical Human System that enables experts to annotate a virtual representation of a real world scene. MARBAS uses a mobile depth sensor that can be attached to smart phones or tablets in combination with Instant Tracking. Experts can share information using our proposed system. We believe that such an annotation system can excel current maintenance processes by accelerating them. To identify applicable mesh registration algorithms we conducted a practical simulation. We used a 6 axis joint-arm robot to evaluate 7 different ICP algorithms concerning time and accuracy. Our results show that PCL non-linear ICP offers best performance for our scenario. Additionally, we developed a vertical prototype using a mobile depth sensor in combination with a tablet. We could show the feasibility of our approach augmenting real world scenes with virtual information. Keywords: Augmented reality · Maintenance · Cyber-Physical Human System · Annotation system
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Introduction
Horizontal and vertical knowledge sharing is a great challenge within the digital transformation of industries. Horizontal knowledge sharing refers to the exchange among industries at different locations, vertical knowledge sharing refers to hierarchical structures within one location. Challenges related to such knowledge c Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 L.T. De Paolis and A. Mongelli (Eds.): AVR 2016, Part I, LNCS 9768, pp. 267–280, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40621-3 20
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exchange are rooted in the usage of heterogeneous software frameworks with different data models, non-existing interfaces or even non-digitized processes. In case processes are not digitized, shareability, revision control as well as the analysis of data are difficult to accomplish. In the domain of automotive manufacturing, production line down-times cost in average about $1,3 million per hour [16]. Efficient maintenance processes are of major importance for industries. In factory environments digitized knowledge sharing can contribute to faster reaction times and consequently has the potential to reduce down-times. Typically, humans repair malfunctions. The role of humans in the domain of manufacturing covers p
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