Model-Based Condition Monitoring: State-Space Solution for Counter-Current Heat Exchanger

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Model-Based Condition Monitoring: State-Space Solution for Counter-Current Heat Exchanger D. Dragan1, 2* , A. Keshavarzsaleh3** , V. Popovic´ 4*** , B. Jereb1**** , and B. Rosi1***** 1

University of Maribor, Faculty of Logistics, Mariborska cesta 7, SI-3000 Celje, Slovenia 2 Department for Systems and Control, Josef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia 3

Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, Serbia Received January 31, 2020; in final form, June 5, 2020; accepted July 21, 2020

Abstract—One of the key challenges to model condition monitoring is; how to suitable match the level of detail of the model description of the diagnostic requirements. To do so, a counter-current heat exchanger of the tire factory was investigated. Moreover, a two-stage grey-box modelling was deployed. The modelling is deployed in a discrete state space, relying on a combination of prior knowledge, along with the recorded data. The nonlinear model structure of heat exchanger is derived considering the use of the prior knowledge; thereby, it is converted into linearized form. The discretization of the linearized model is applied. The optimization procedure based on recorded data is adopted to estimate the unknown physical parameters in state space system matrices. The well-known N4SID subspace identification method is used to compare the obtained results. DOI: 10.1134/S1810232820030145

1. INTRODUCTION Condition monitoring, a maintenance policy central to intense utilization of modern technologies, has gained huge importance in various industrial spheres such as wind turbines [1, 2], industrial heatexchangers [3–7], Pelton turbines [8], lithium-ion batteries [9], air/gas/water source heat pumps [10, 11], and aircraft industry [12]. One of the main areas of attention is the industrial heat exchanger. There are two heat exchanger mechanism patterns: concurrent and counter-current. The former refers to the mode in which cold and hot streams enter the exchanger at one end and subsequently leave it at the opposite end. The counter-current heat exchanger mechanism pattern, which is the core subject of this study, refers to the mode in which the streams enter the exchanger at opposite ends [13]. Besides, fault diagnosis and its application to monitoring processing seem to be one of the most important engineering areas using qualitative or quantitative simulation [14, 15]. In addition, fault detection and diagnosis are known to be very important in the heat exchange process [16], including model-centred and model-free approaches [17]. The model-free approaches are not mathematically-oriented, focusing instead on physical redundancy. The model-based ones, on the contrary, deploy explicit mathematical models focusing on analytical redundancy, which is known to be cost-effective [5, 18]. This study deploys model-based condition monitoring for a counter-current heat exchanger, giving a practical example of a spacestate solution. In order to addre